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SCREEN(1)							     SCREEN(1)

NAME
       screen - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation

SYNOPSIS
       screen [ -options ] [ cmd [ args ] ]
       screen -r [[pid.]tty[.host]]
       screen -r sessionowner/[[pid.]tty[.host]]

DESCRIPTION
       Screen is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a physical ter‐
       minal between several processes (typically interactive  shells).	  Each
       virtual terminal provides the functions of a DEC VT100 terminal and, in
       addition, several control functions from the ISO 6429  (ECMA  48,  ANSI
       X3.64)  and ISO 2022 standards (e.g. insert/delete line and support for
       multiple character sets).  There is a  scrollback  history  buffer  for
       each virtual terminal and a copy-and-paste mechanism that allows moving
       text regions between windows.

       When screen is called, it creates a single window with a	 shell	in  it
       (or  the	 specified  command) and then gets out of your way so that you
       can use the program as you normally would.  Then, at any time, you  can
       create new (full-screen) windows with other programs in them (including
       more shells), kill existing windows, view a list of windows, turn  out‐
       put  logging  on and off, copy-and-paste text between windows, view the
       scrollback history, switch between windows in whatever manner you wish,
       etc.  All  windows  run	their  programs completely independent of each
       other. Programs continue to run when their window is currently not vis‐
       ible and even when the whole screen session is detached from the user's
       terminal.  When a program terminates, screen (per  default)  kills  the
       window  that  contained	it.  If this window was in the foreground, the
       display switches to the previous	 window;  if  none  are	 left,	screen
       exits.

       Everything  you type is sent to the program running in the current win‐
       dow.  The only exception to this is the one keystroke that is  used  to
       initiate	 a  command  to	 the window manager.  By default, each command
       begins with a control-a (abbreviated C-a from now on), and is  followed
       by one other keystroke.	The command character and all the key bindings
       can be fully customized to be anything you like, though they are always
       two characters in length.

       Screen does not understand the prefix "C-" to mean control.  Please use
       the caret notation ("^A" instead of "C-a") as  arguments	 to  e.g.  the
       escape  command	or  the -e option.  Screen will also print out control
       characters in caret notation.

       The standard way to create a new window is to type "C-a c".  This  cre‐
       ates  a	new window running a shell and switches to that window immedi‐
       ately, regardless of the state of the process running  in  the  current
       window.	 Similarly,  you can create a new window with a custom command
       in it by first binding the command to a keystroke  (in  your  .screenrc
       file  or	 at  the "C-a :" command line) and then using it just like the
       "C-a c" command.	 In addition, new windows can be created by running  a
       command like:

	      screen emacs prog.c

       from  a shell prompt within a previously created window.	 This will not
       run another copy of screen, but will instead supply  the	 command  name
       and its arguments to the window manager (specified in the $STY environ‐
       ment variable) who will use it to create the  new  window.   The	 above
       example would start the emacs editor (editing prog.c) and switch to its
       window.

       If "/etc/utmp" is writable by screen, an	 appropriate  record  will  be
       written	to  this  file for each window, and removed when the window is
       terminated.  This is useful for working with "talk",  "script",	"shut‐
       down",  "rsend",	 "sccs"	 and  other similar programs that use the utmp
       file to determine who you are. As long as screen is active on your ter‐
       minal,  the  terminal's	own  record is removed from the utmp file. See
       also "C-a L".

GETTING STARTED
       Before you begin to use screen you'll need to make sure you  have  cor‐
       rectly  selected	 your  terminal	 type, just as you would for any other
       termcap/terminfo program.  (You can do this by using tset for example.)

       If you're impatient and want to get started without doing  a  lot  more
       reading,	 you should remember this one command:	"C-a ?".  Typing these
       two characters will display a list of the available screen commands and
       their bindings. Each keystroke is discussed in the section "DEFAULT KEY
       BINDINGS". The manual section "CUSTOMIZATION" deals with	 the  contents
       of your .screenrc.

       If your terminal is a "true" auto-margin terminal (it doesn't allow the
       last position on the screen to be updated without scrolling the screen)
       consider	 using a version of your terminal's termcap that has automatic
       margins turned off. This will ensure an accurate and optimal update  of
       the  screen  in all circumstances. Most terminals nowadays have "magic"
       margins (automatic margins plus usable last column). This is the	 VT100
       style  type  and	 perfectly  suited for screen.	If all you've got is a
       "true" auto-margin terminal screen will	be  content  to	 use  it,  but
       updating	 a  character put into the last position on the screen may not
       be possible until the screen scrolls or the character is moved  into  a
       safe position in some other way. This delay can be shortened by using a
       terminal with insert-character capability.

COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS
       Screen has the following command-line options:

       -a   include all capabilities (with some minor exceptions) in each win‐
	    dow's  termcap, even if screen must redraw parts of the display in
	    order to implement a function.

       -A   Adapt the sizes of all windows to the size of the  current	termi‐
	    nal.   By  default,	 screen	 tries to restore its old window sizes
	    when attaching to resizable terminals  (those  with	 "WS"  in  its
	    description, e.g. suncmd or some xterm).

       -c file
	    override  the default configuration file from "$HOME/.screenrc" to
	    file.

       -d|-D [pid.tty.host]
	    does not start screen, but detaches the elsewhere  running	screen
	    session.  It  has  the same effect as typing "C-a d" from screen's
	    controlling terminal. -D is the equivalent	to  the	 power	detach
	    key.   If  no  session can be detached, this option is ignored. In
	    combination with the -r/-R option more  powerful  effects  can  be
	    achieved:

       -d -r   Reattach a session and if necessary detach it first.

       -d -R   Reattach	 a  session  and if necessary detach or even create it
	       first.

       -d -RR  Reattach a session and if necessary detach or  create  it.  Use
	       the first session if more than one session is available.

       -D -r   Reattach	 a  session.  If  necessary detach and logout remotely
	       first.

       -D -R   Attach here and now. In detail this means: If a session is run‐
	       ning,  then  reattach.  If necessary detach and logout remotely
	       first.  If it was not running create it and  notify  the	 user.
	       This is the author's favorite.

       -D -RR  Attach here and now. Whatever that means, just do it.

	    Note:  It  is  always a good idea to check the status of your ses‐
	    sions by means of "screen -list".

       -e xy
	    specifies the command character to be x and the character generat‐
	    ing a literal command character to y (when typed after the command
	    character).	 The default is "C-a" and `a', which can be  specified
	    as	"-e^Aa".  When creating a screen session, this option sets the
	    default command character. In a multiuser session all users	 added
	    will  start off with this command character. But when attaching to
	    an already running session, this option changes only  the  command
	    character  of  the	attaching  user.  This option is equivalent to
	    either the commands "defescape" or "escape" respectively.

       -f, -fn, and -fa
	    turns flow-control on, off, or "automatic switching	 mode".	  This
	    can also be defined through the "defflow" .screenrc command.

       -h num
	    Specifies the history scrollback buffer to be num lines high.

       -i   will  cause	 the interrupt key (usually C-c) to interrupt the dis‐
	    play immediately when  flow-control	 is  on.   See	the  "defflow"
	    .screenrc command for details.  The use of this option is discour‐
	    aged.

       -l and -ln
	    turns login mode on or off (for  /etc/utmp	updating).   This  can
	    also be defined through the "deflogin" .screenrc command.

       -ls and -list
	    does  not  start screen, but prints a list of pid.tty.host strings
	    identifying your screen sessions.  Sessions marked `detached'  can
	    be	resumed	 with "screen -r". Those marked `attached' are running
	    and have a controlling terminal. If the session runs in  multiuser
	    mode,  it  is  marked  `multi'.  Sessions  marked as `unreachable'
	    either live on a different host or	are  `dead'.   An  unreachable
	    session  is considered dead, when its name matches either the name
	    of the local host, or the specified parameter, if any.  See the -r
	    flag  for a description how to construct matches.  Sessions marked
	    as `dead' should be thoroughly checked and removed.	 Ask your sys‐
	    tem	 administrator	if  you are not sure. Remove sessions with the
	    -wipe option.

       -L   tells screen to turn on automatic output logging for the windows.

       -m   causes screen  to  ignore  the  $STY  environment  variable.  With
	    "screen  -m"  creation  of	a  new session is enforced, regardless
	    whether screen is called from within  another  screen  session  or
	    not.  This	flag has a special meaning in connection with the `-d'
	    option:

       -d -m   Start screen in "detached" mode. This creates a new session but
	       doesn't	attach	to  it.	 This  is  useful  for	system startup
	       scripts.

       -D -m   This also starts screen in "detached" mode, but doesn't fork  a
	       new process. The command exits if the session terminates.

       -O   selects  a	more optimal output mode for your terminal rather than
	    true VT100 emulation (only affects auto-margin  terminals  without
	    `LP').   This can also be set in your .screenrc by specifying `OP'
	    in a "termcap" command.

       -p number_or_name
	    Preselect a window. This is usefull when you want to reattach to a
	    specific  windor or you want to send a command via the "-X" option
	    to a specific window. As with screen's select commant, "-" selects
	    the	 blank	window.	 As a special case for reattach, "=" brings up
	    the windowlist on the blank window.

       -q   Suppress printing of error messages. In combination with "-ls" the
	    exit  value	 is  as	 follows: 9 indicates a directory without ses‐
	    sions. 10 indicates a directory with running  but  not  attachable
	    sessions.  11 (or more) indicates 1 (or more) usable sessions.  In
	    combination with "-r" the exit value is as follows:	 10  indicates
	    that  there	 is  no session to resume. 12 (or more) indicates that
	    there are 2 (or more) sessions to resume and  you  should  specify
	    which one to choose.  In all other cases "-q" has no effect.

       -r [pid.tty.host]
       -r sessionowner/[pid.tty.host]
	    resumes  a detached screen session.	 No other options (except com‐
	    binations with -d/-D) may be specified, though an optional	prefix
	    of	[pid.]tty.host	may  be needed to distinguish between multiple
	    detached screen sessions.  The second form is used to  connect  to
	    another  user's  screen session which runs in multiuser mode. This
	    indicates that screen should look for sessions in  another	user's
	    directory. This requires setuid-root.

       -R   attempts to resume the first detached screen session it finds.  If
	    successful, all other command-line options	are  ignored.	If  no
	    detached  session exists, starts a new session using the specified
	    options, just as if -R had not been specified. The option  is  set
	    by default if screen is run as a login-shell (actually screen uses
	    "-xRR" in that case).  For combinations with the -d/-D option  see
	    there.

       -s   sets  the  default	shell to the program specified, instead of the
	    value in the environment variable  $SHELL  (or  "/bin/sh"  if  not
	    defined).	This can also be defined through the "shell" .screenrc
	    command.

       -S sessionname
	    When creating a new session, this option can be used to specify  a
	    meaningful	name for the session. This name identifies the session
	    for "screen -list" and "screen -r"	actions.  It  substitutes  the
	    default [tty.host] suffix.

       -t name
	    sets  the  title  (a.k.a.) for the default shell or specified pro‐
	    gram.  See also the "shelltitle" .screenrc command.

       -U   Run screen in UTF-8 mode. This option tells screen that your  ter‐
	    minal sends and understands UTF-8 encoded characters. It also sets
	    the default encoding for new windows to `utf8'.

       -v   Print version number.

       -wipe [match]
	    does the same as "screen  -ls",  but  removes  destroyed  sessions
	    instead of marking them as `dead'.	An unreachable session is con‐
	    sidered dead, when its name matches either the name of  the	 local
	    host,  or the explicitly given parameter, if any.  See the -r flag
	    for a description how to construct matches.

       -x   Attach to a not detached screen session. (Multi display mode).

       -X   Send the specified command to a running screen  session.  You  can
	    use	 the  -d or -r option to tell screen to look only for attached
	    or detached screen sessions. Note that this command	 doesn't  work
	    if the session is password protected.

DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS
       As  mentioned,  each screen command consists of a "C-a" followed by one
       other character.	 For your convenience, all commands that are bound  to
       lower-case  letters  are also bound to their control character counter‐
       parts (with the exception of "C-a a"; see below), thus, "C-a c" as well
       as  "C-a	 C-c"  can be used to create a window. See section "CUSTOMIZA‐
       TION" for a description of the command.

       The following table shows the default key bindings:

       C-a '	   (select)	 Prompt for a window name or number to	switch
				 to.

       C-a "	   (windowlist -b)
				 Present a list of all windows for selection.

       C-a 0	   (select 0)
	...	      ...
       C-a 9	   (select 9)
       C-a -	   (select -)	 Switch	 to  window  number  0	- 9, or to the
				 blank window.

       C-a tab	   (focus)	 Switch the input focus to the next region.

       C-a C-a	   (other)	 Toggle to the	window	displayed  previously.
				 Note  that  this binding defaults to the com‐
				 mand character typed twice,  unless  overrid‐
				 den.	For  instance,	if  you use the option
				 "-e]x", this command becomes "]]".

       C-a a	   (meta)	 Send the command character (C-a)  to  window.
				 See escape command.

       C-a A	   (title)	 Allow	the  user to enter a name for the cur‐
				 rent window.

       C-a b
       C-a C-b	   (break)	 Send a break to window.

       C-a B	   (pow_break)	 Reopen the terminal line and send a break.

       C-a c
       C-a C-c	   (screen)	 Create a new window with a shell  and	switch
				 to that window.

       C-a C	   (clear)	 Clear the screen.

       C-a d
       C-a C-d	   (detach)	 Detach screen from this terminal.

       C-a D D	   (pow_detach)	 Detach and logout.

       C-a f
       C-a C-f	   (flow)	 Toggle flow on, off or auto.

       C-a F	   (fit)	 Resize the window to the current region size.

       C-a C-g	   (vbell)	 Toggles screen's visual bell mode.

       C-a h	   (hardcopy)	 Write a hardcopy of the current window to the
				 file "hardcopy.n".

       C-a H	   (log)	 Begins/ends logging of the current window  to
				 the file "screenlog.n".

       C-a i
       C-a C-i	   (info)	 Show info about this window.

       C-a k
       C-a C-k	   (kill)	 Destroy current window.

       C-a l
       C-a C-l	   (redisplay)	 Fully refresh current window.

       C-a L	   (login)	 Toggle	 this  windows	login  slot. Available
				 only if screen is configured  to  update  the
				 utmp database.

       C-a m
       C-a C-m	   (lastmsg)	 Repeat the last message displayed in the mes‐
				 sage line.

       C-a M	   (monitor)	 Toggles monitoring of the current window.

       C-a space
       C-a n
       C-a C-n	   (next)	 Switch to the next window.

       C-a N	   (number)	 Show the number (and title)  of  the  current
				 window.

       C-a backspace
       C-a h
       C-a p
       C-a C-p	   (prev)	 Switch to the previous window (opposite of C-
				 a n).

       C-a q
       C-a C-q	   (xon)	 Send a control-q to the current window.

       C-a Q	   (only)	 Delete all regions but the current one.

       C-a r
       C-a C-r	   (wrap)	 Toggle the current window's line-wrap setting
				 (turn	the current window's automatic margins
				 on and off).

       C-a s
       C-a C-s	   (xoff)	 Send a control-s to the current window.

       C-a S	   (split)	 Split the current region into two new ones.

       C-a t
       C-a C-t	   (time)	 Show system information.

       C-a v	   (version)	 Display the version and compilation date.

       C-a C-v	   (digraph)	 Enter digraph.

       C-a w
       C-a C-w	   (windows)	 Show a list of window.

       C-a W	   (width)	 Toggle 80/132 columns.

       C-a x
       C-a C-x	   (lockscreen)	 Lock this terminal.

       C-a X	   (remove)	 Kill the current region.

       C-a z
       C-a C-z	   (suspend)	 Suspend screen.   Your	 system	 must  support
				 BSD-style job-control.

       C-a Z	   (reset)	 Reset	the virtual terminal to its "power-on"
				 values.

       C-a .	   (dumptermcap) Write out a ".termcap" file.

       C-a ?	   (help)	 Show key bindings.

       C-a C-\	   (quit)	 Kill all windows and terminate screen.

       C-a :	   (colon)	 Enter command line mode.

       C-a [
       C-a C-[
       C-a esc	   (copy)	 Enter copy/scrollback mode.

       C-a ]	   (paste .)	 Write the contents of the paste buffer to the
				 stdin queue of the current window.

       C-a {
       C-a }	   (history)	 Copy and paste a previous (command) line.

       C-a >	   (writebuf)	 Write paste buffer to a file.

       C-a <	   (readbuf)	 Reads the screen-exchange file into the paste
				 buffer.

       C-a =	   (removebuf)	 Removes the file used by C-a < and C-a >.

       C-a ,	   (license)	 Shows where screen comes from, where it  went
				 to and why you can use it.

       C-a _	   (silence)	 Start/stop  monitoring the current window for
				 inactivity.

       C-a *	   (displays)	 Show a listing of all currently attached dis‐
				 plays.

CUSTOMIZATION
       The  "socket  directory"	 defaults either to $HOME/.screen or simply to
       /tmp/screens. This is chosen at compile-time. If	 screen	 is  installed
       setuid-root,  then the administrator should compile screen with an ade‐
       quate (not NFS mounted) socket directory.  If  screen  is  not  running
       setuid-root,  the  user can specify any mode 700 directory in the envi‐
       ronment variable $SCREENDIR.

       When screen is invoked, it executes initialization  commands  from  the
       files "/usr/pkg/etc/screenrc" and ".screenrc" in the user's home direc‐
       tory. These are the "programmer's defaults" that can be	overridden  in
       the  following  ways:  for the global screenrc file screen searches for
       the environment variable $SYSSCREENRC (this  override  feature  may  be
       disabled	 at compile-time). The user specific screenrc file is searched
       in $SCREENRC, then $HOME/.screenrc.  The command line option  -c	 takes
       precedence over the above user screenrc files.

       Commands	 in  these  files  are	used to set options, bind functions to
       keys, and to automatically establish one or more windows at the	begin‐
       ning  of	 your  screen session.	Commands are listed one per line, with
       empty lines being ignored.  A command's arguments are separated by tabs
       or  spaces,  and	 may  be surrounded by single or double quotes.	 A `#'
       turns the rest of the line into a comment, except in quotes.   Unintel‐
       ligible	lines are warned about and ignored.  Commands may contain ref‐
       erences to environment variables. The syntax is the shell-like "$VAR  "
       or "${VAR}". Note that this causes incompatibility with previous screen
       versions, as now the '$'-character has to be protected with '\'	if  no
       variable	 substitution shall be performed. A string in single-quotes is
       also protected from variable substitution.

       Two configuration files are shipped as examples with your  screen  dis‐
       tribution:	  "/usr/pkg/share/examples/screen/screenrc"	   and
       "/usr/pkg/share/examples/screen/etcscreenrc". They contain a number  of
       useful examples for various commands.

       Customization  can  also	 be  done 'on-line'. To enter the command mode
       type `C-a :'. Note that commands starting  with	"def"  change  default
       values, while others change current settings.

       The following commands are available:

       acladd usernames [crypted-pw]
       addacl usernames

       Enable  users to fully access this screen session. Usernames can be one
       user or a comma separated list of users. This command enables to attach
       to  the screen session and performs the equivalent of `aclchg usernames
       +rwx "#?"'.  executed. To add a user with restricted  access,  use  the
       `aclchg'	 command  below.  If an optional second parameter is supplied,
       it should be a crypted password for the named user(s).  `Addacl'	 is  a
       synonym to `acladd'.  Multi user mode only.

       aclchg usernames permbits list
       chacl usernames permbits list

       Change permissions for a comma separated list of users. Permission bits
       are represented as `r', `w' and `x'. Prefixing `+' grants  the  permis‐
       sion,  `-' removes it. The third parameter is a comma separated list of
       commands and/or windows (specified either by number or title). The spe‐
       cial  list `#' refers to all windows, `?' to all commands. if usernames
       consists of a single `*', all known users are affected.	A command  can
       be  executed  when  the user has the `x' bit for it.  The user can type
       input to a window when he has its `w' bit set and no other user obtains
       a  writelock  for  this	window.	 Other bits are currently ignored.  To
       withdraw the writelock from another user in window 2: `aclchg  username
       -w+w 2'.	 To allow read-only access to the session: `aclchg username -w
       "#"'. As soon as a user's name is known to screen he can attach to  the
       session and (per default) has full permissions for all command and win‐
       dows. Execution permission for the acl commands, `at' and others should
       also  be	 removed  or  the user may be able to regain write permission.
       Rights of the special username nobody cannot be changed (see  the  "su"
       command).  `Chacl' is a synonym to `aclchg'.  Multi user mode only.

       acldel username

       Remove a user from screen's access control list. If currently attached,
       all the user's displays are detached from the session. He cannot attach
       again.  Multi user mode only.

       aclgrp username [groupname]

       Creates	groups	of  users that share common access rights. The name of
       the group is the username of the group leader. Each member of the group
       inherits	 the  permissions  that	 are granted to the group leader. That
       means, if a user fails an access check, another check is made  for  the
       group  leader.	A  user	 is  removed from all groups the special value
       "none" is used for groupname.  If the second parameter is  omitted  all
       groups the user is in are listed.

       aclumask [[users]+bits |[users]-bits .... ]
       umask [[users]+bits |[users]-bits .... ]

       This specifies the access other users have to windows that will be cre‐
       ated by the caller of the command.  Users may be no,  one  or  a	 comma
       separated list of known usernames. If no users are specified, a list of
       all currently known users is  assumed.	Bits  is  any  combination  of
       access control bits allowed defined with the "aclchg" command. The spe‐
       cial username "?" predefines the access that not yet known  users  will
       be  granted  to any window initially.  The special username "??" prede‐
       fines the access that not yet known users are granted to	 any  command.
       Rights  of  the special username nobody cannot be changed (see the "su"
       command).  `Umask' is a synonym to `aclumask'.

       activity message

       When any activity occurs in a background window	that  is  being	 moni‐
       tored, screen displays a notification in the message line.  The notifi‐
       cation message can be re-defined by means of  the  "activity"  command.
       Each occurrence of `%' in message is replaced by the number of the win‐
       dow in which activity has occurred, and	each  occurrence  of  `^G'  is
       replaced by the definition for bell in your termcap (usually an audible
       bell).  The default message is

		   'Activity in window %n'

       Note that monitoring is off for all windows  by	default,  but  can  be
       altered by use of the "monitor" command (C-a M).

       allpartial on|off

       If  set	to  on,	 only  the  current cursor line is refreshed on window
       change.	This affects all windows  and  is  useful  for	slow  terminal
       lines.  The previous setting of full/partial refresh for each window is
       restored with "allpartial off".	This is a global flag that immediately
       takes  effect on all windows overriding the "partial" settings. It does
       not change the default redraw behavior of newly created windows.

       altscreen on|off

       If set to on, "alternate screen" support is enabled in  virtual	termi‐
       nals, just like in xterm.  Initial setting is `off'.

       at [identifier][#|*|%] command [args ... ]

       Execute	a  command  at	other  displays	 or  windows as if it had been
       entered there.  "At" changes the context (the `current window' or `cur‐
       rent display' setting) of the command. If the first parameter describes
       a non-unique context, the command will be executed multiple  times.  If
       the  first  parameter  is  of the form `identifier*' then identifier is
       matched against user names.  The command is executed once for each dis‐
       play  of	 the  selected	user(s). If the first parameter is of the form
       `identifier%' identifier is  matched  against  displays.	 Displays  are
       named  after the ttys they attach. The prefix `/dev/' or `/dev/tty' may
       be omitted from the identifier.	If identifier has  a  `#'  or  nothing
       appended	 it  is matched against window numbers and titles. Omitting an
       identifier in front of the `#', `*' or `%'-character selects all users,
       displays	 or  windows because a prefix-match is performed. Note that on
       the affected display(s) a short message will  describe  what  happened.
       Permission  is  checked	for initiator of the "at" command, not for the
       owners of the affected display(s).  Note that the '#'  character	 works
       as  a comment introducer when it is preceded by whitespace. This can be
       escaped by prefixing a '\'.  Permission is checked for the initiator of
       the "at" command, not for the owners of the affected display(s).
       Caveat: When matching against windows, the command is executed at least
       once per window. Commands that change the internal arrangement of  win‐
       dows  (like "other") may be called again. In shared windows the command
       will be repeated for each attached display. Beware, when issuing toggle
       commands	 like  "login"!	 Some commands (e.g. "process") require that a
       display is associated with the target windows.  These commands may  not
       work correctly under "at" looping over windows.

       attrcolor attrib [attribute/color-modifier]

       This  command can be used to highlight attributes by changing the color
       of the  text.  If  the  attribute  attrib  is  in  use,	the  specified
       attribute/color	modifier is also applied. If no modifier is given, the
       current one is deleted. See the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter for the syntax
       of  the	modifier. Screen understands two pseudo-attributes, "i" stands
       for high-intensity foreground color and "I"  for	 high-intensity	 back‐
       ground color.

       Examples:

	      attrcolor b "R"

       Change the color to bright red if bold text is to be printed.

	      attrcolor u "-u b"

       Use blue text instead of underline.

	      attrcolor b ".I"

       Use  bright  colors  for	 bold  text.  Most  terminal emulators do this
       already.

	      attrcolor i "+b"

       Make bright colored text also bold.

       autodetach on|off

       Sets whether screen will automatically detach upon hangup, which	 saves
       all  your running programs until they are resumed with a screen -r com‐
       mand.  When turned off, a hangup signal will terminate screen  and  all
       the processes it contains. Autodetach is on by default.

       autonuke on|off

       Sets  whether  a	 clear screen sequence should nuke all the output that
       has not been written to the terminal. See also "obuflimit".

       backtick id lifespan autorefresh cmd args...
       backtick id

       Program the backtick command with the numerical id id.  The  output  of
       such  a command is used for substitution of the "%`" string escape. The
       specified lifespan is the number of seconds the	output	is  considered
       valid.  After  this  time,  the command is run again if a corresponding
       string escape is encountered.  The autorefresh  parameter  triggers  an
       automatic  refresh  for caption and hardstatus strings after the speci‐
       fied number of seconds. Only the last line of output is used  for  sub‐
       stitution.
       If both the lifespan and the autorefresh parameters are zero, the back‐
       tick program is expected to stay in the background and generate	output
       once  in a while.  In this case, the command is executed right away and
       screen stores the last line of output.  If  a  new  line	 gets  printed
       screen will automatically refresh the hardstatus or the captions.
       The  second  form  of the command deletes the backtick command with the
       numerical id id.

       bce [on|off]

       Change background-color-erase setting. If "bce" is set to on, all char‐
       acters  cleared	by an erase/insert/scroll/clear operation will be dis‐
       played in the current background color.	Otherwise  the	default	 back‐
       ground color is used.

       bell_msg [message]

       When a bell character is sent to a background window, screen displays a
       notification in the message line.  The notification message can be  re-
       defined by this command.	 Each occurrence of `%' in message is replaced
       by the number of the window to which a bell has	been  sent,  and  each
       occurrence of `^G' is replaced by the definition for bell in your term‐
       cap (usually an audible bell).  The default message is

		   'Bell in window %n'

       An empty message can be supplied to the "bell_msg" command to  suppress
       output of a message line (bell_msg "").	Without parameter, the current
       message is shown.

       bind [-c class] key [command [args]]

       Bind a command to a key.	 By default, most of the commands provided  by
       screen  are  bound to one or more keys as indicated in the "DEFAULT KEY
       BINDINGS" section, e.g. the command to create a new window is bound  to
       "C-c"  and  "c".	  The  "bind"  command can be used to redefine the key
       bindings and to define new bindings.  The key argument is either a sin‐
       gle  character,	a two-character sequence of the form "^x" (meaning "C-
       x"), a backslash followed by an octal number (specifying the ASCII code
       of  the character), or a backslash followed by a second character, such
       as "\^" or "\\".	 The argument can also be quoted, if you like.	If  no
       further	argument is given, any previously established binding for this
       key is removed.	The command argument can be any command listed in this
       section.

       If  a  command class is specified via the "-c" option, the key is bound
       for the specified class. Use the "command" command to activate a class.
       Command	classes	 can be used to create multiple command keys or multi-
       character bindings.

       Some examples:

		   bind ' ' windows
		   bind ^k
		   bind k
		   bind K kill
		   bind ^f screen telnet foobar
		   bind \033 screen -ln -t root -h 1000 9 su

       would bind the space key to the command that displays a list of windows
       (so  that the command usually invoked by "C-a C-w" would also be avail‐
       able as "C-a space"). The next three  lines  remove  the	 default  kill
       binding	from "C-a C-k" and "C-a k".  "C-a K" is then bound to the kill
       command. Then it binds "C-f" to the command "create  a  window  with  a
       TELNET  connection  to  foobar",	 and bind "escape" to the command that
       creates an non-login window with a.k.a. "root" in slot #9, with a supe‐
       ruser shell and a scrollback buffer of 1000 lines.

		   bind -c demo1 0 select 10
		   bind -c demo1 1 select 11
		   bind -c demo1 2 select 12
		   bindkey "^B" command -c demo1

       makes "C-b 0" select window 10, "C-b 1" window 11, etc.

		   bind -c demo2 0 select 10
		   bind -c demo2 1 select 11
		   bind -c demo2 2 select 12
		   bind - command -c demo2

       makes "C-a - 0" select window 10, "C-a - 1" window 11, etc.

       bindkey [-d] [-m] [-a] [[-k|-t] string [cmd args]]

       This  command manages screen's input translation tables. Every entry in
       one of the tables tells screen how to react if a	 certain  sequence  of
       characters is encountered. There are three tables: one that should con‐
       tain actions programmed by the user, one for the default	 actions  used
       for  terminal  emulation	 and  one  for screen's copy mode to do cursor
       movement. See section "INPUT TRANSLATION" for a	list  of  default  key
       bindings.
       If  the	-d  option  is	given,	bindkey modifies the default table, -m
       changes the copy mode table and with neither option the user  table  is
       selected.   The	argument string is the sequence of characters to which
       an action is bound. This can either be a fixed string or a termcap key‐
       board capability name (selectable with the -k option).
       Some  keys  on a VT100 terminal can send a different string if applica‐
       tion mode is turned on (e.g the	cursor	keys).	 Such  keys  have  two
       entries	in  the translation table. You can select the application mode
       entry by specifying the -a option.
       The -t option tells screen not to do inter-character timing. One cannot
       turn off the timing if a termcap capability is used.
       Cmd  can	 be any of screen's commands with an arbitrary number of args.
       If cmd is omitted the key-binding is removed from the table.
       Here are some examples of keyboard bindings:

	       bindkey -d
       Show all of the default key bindings. The application mode entries  are
       marked with [A].

	       bindkey -k k1 select 1
       Make the "F1" key switch to window one.

	       bindkey -t foo stuff barfoo
       Make "foo" an abbreviation of the word "barfoo". Timeout is disabled so
       that users can type slowly.

	       bindkey "\024" mapdefault
       This key-binding makes "^T" an escape character	for  key-bindings.  If
       you  did the above "stuff barfoo" binding, you can enter the word "foo"
       by typing "^Tfoo". If you want to insert a "^T" you have to  press  the
       key twice (i.e. escape the escape binding).

	       bindkey -k F1 command
       Make the F11 (not F1!) key an alternative screen escape (besides ^A).

       break [duration]

       Send a break signal for duration*0.25 seconds to this window.  For non-
       Posix systems the time interval may be  rounded	up  to	full  seconds.
       Most useful if a character device is attached to the window rather than
       a shell process (See also chapter "WINDOW TYPES"). The maximum duration
       of a break signal is limited to 15 seconds.

       blanker

       Activate the screen blanker. First the screen is cleared. If no blanker
       program is defined, the cursor is turned off, otherwise, the program is
       started	and  it's output is written to the screen.  The screen blanker
       is killed with the first keypress, the read key is discarded.
       This command is normally used together with the "idle" command.

       blankerprg [program args]

       Defines a blanker program. Disables the blanker program if no arguments
       are given.

       breaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK |TCSBRK]

       Choose  one  of	the available methods of generating a break signal for
       terminal devices. This command should affect the current	 window	 only.
       But  it still behaves identical to "defbreaktype". This will be changed
       in the future.  Calling "breaktype"  with  no  parameter	 displays  the
       break method for the current window.

       bufferfile [exchange-file]

       Change the filename used for reading and writing with the paste buffer.
       If the optional argument to the "bufferfile" command  is	 omitted,  the
       default setting ("/tmp/screen-exchange") is reactivated.	 The following
       example will paste the system's password file into  the	screen	window
       (using the paste buffer, where a copy remains):

		   C-a : bufferfile /etc/passwd
		   C-a < C-a ]
		   C-a : bufferfile

       c1 [on|off]

       Change  c1  code	 processing.  "C1  on" tells screen to treat the input
       characters between 128 and 159 as control  functions.   Such  an	 8-bit
       code  is	 normally  the same as ESC followed by the corresponding 7-bit
       code. The default setting is to process c1 codes	 and  can  be  changed
       with the "defc1" command.  Users with fonts that have usable characters
       in the c1 positions may want to turn this off.

       caption always|splitonly [string]
       caption string [string]

       This command controls the display of the window	captions.  Normally  a
       caption	is  only  used if more than one window is shown on the display
       (split screen mode). But if the type is set to always  screen  shows  a
       caption even if only one window is displayed. The default is splitonly.

       The  second form changes the text used for the caption. You can use all
       escapes from the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter. Screen  uses	a  default  of
       `%3n %t'.

       You can mix both forms by providing a string as an additional argument.

       charset set

       Change  the current character set slot designation and charset mapping.
       The first four character of set	are  treated  as  charset  designators
       while the fifth and sixth character must be in range '0' to '3' and set
       the GL/GR charset mapping. On every position a '.' may be used to indi‐
       cate  that the corresponding charset/mapping should not be changed (set
       is padded to six characters internally by appending  '.'	  chars).  New
       windows	have  "BBBB02" as default charset, unless a "encoding" command
       is active.
       The current setting can be viewed with the "info" command.

       chdir [directory]

       Change the current directory of screen to the specified	directory  or,
       if called without an argument, to your home directory (the value of the
       environment variable $HOME).  All windows that are created by means  of
       the  "screen"  command  from  within  ".screenrc" or by means of "C-a :
       screen ..." or "C-a c" use this as their default directory.  Without  a
       chdir  command,	this  would  be	 the  directory	 from which screen was
       invoked.	 Hardcopy and log files are always  written  to	 the  window's
       default	directory, not the current directory of the process running in
       the window.  You can use this command multiple times in your  .screenrc
       to start various windows in different default directories, but the last
       chdir value will affect all the windows you create interactively.

       clear

       Clears the current window and saves its image to the scrollback buffer.

       colon [prefix]

       Allows you to enter ".screenrc" command lines.  Useful  for  on-the-fly
       modification  of	 key  bindings,	 specific window creation and changing
       settings. Note that the "set" keyword no longer	exists!	 Usually  com‐
       mands affect the current window rather than default settings for future
       windows. Change defaults with commands starting with 'def...'.

       If you consider this as the `Ex command mode' of screen, you may regard
       "C-a esc" (copy mode) as its `Vi command mode'.

       command [-c class]

       This  command has the same effect as typing the screen escape character
       (^A). It is probably only useful for key bindings.  If the "-c"	option
       is  given,  select  the	specified  command class.  See also "bind" and
       "bindkey".

       compacthist [on|off]

       This tells  screen  whether  to	suppress  trailing  blank  lines  when
       scrolling up text into the history buffer.

       console [on|off]

       Grabs  or un-grabs the machines console output to a window.  Note: Only
       the owner of /dev/console can grab the console output.  This command is
       only available if the machine supports the ioctl TIOCCONS.

       copy

       Enter  copy/scrollback mode. This allows you to copy text from the cur‐
       rent window and its history into the paste buffer. In this mode	a  vi-
       like `full screen editor' is active:
       Movement keys:
	 h, j, k, l move the cursor line by line or column by column.
	 0,  ^	and  $	move to the leftmost column, to the first or last non-
	   whitespace character on the line.
	 H, M and L move the cursor to the leftmost column of the top,	center
	   or bottom line of the window.
	 + and - positions one line up and down.
	 G moves to the specified absolute line (default: end of buffer).
	 | moves to the specified absolute column.
	 w, b, e move the cursor word by word.
	 B, E move the cursor WORD by WORD (as in vi).
	 C-u  and  C-d	scroll	the display up/down by the specified amount of
	   lines while preserving the cursor position. (Default: half  screen-
	   full).
	 C-b and C-f scroll the display up/down a full screen.
	 g moves to the beginning of the buffer.
	 % jumps to the specified percentage of the buffer.

       Note:
	   Emacs style movement keys can be customized by a .screenrc command.
	   (E.g. markkeys "h=^B:l=^F:$=^E") There is no simple	method	for  a
	   full emacs-style keymap, as this involves multi-character codes.

       Marking:
	   The	copy range is specified by setting two marks. The text between
	   these marks will be highlighted. Press
	 space to set the first or second mark respectively.
	 Y and y used to mark one whole line or to mark from start of line.
	 W marks exactly one word.
       Repeat count:
	   Any of these commands can be prefixed with a repeat count number by
	   pressing digits
	 0..9 which is taken as a repeat count.
	   Example:  "C-a  C-[	H  10 j 5 Y" will copy lines 11 to 15 into the
	   paste buffer.
       Searching:
	 / Vi-like search forward.
	 ? Vi-like search backward.
	 C-a s Emacs style incremental search forward.
	 C-r Emacs style reverse i-search.
       Specials:
	   There are however some keys that act differently than  in  vi.   Vi
	   does	 not  allow one to yank rectangular blocks of text, but screen
	   does. Press
	 c or C to set the left or right margin	 respectively.	If  no	repeat
	   count is given, both default to the current cursor position.
	   Example: Try this on a rather full text screen: "C-a [ M 20 l SPACE
	   c 10 l 5 j C SPACE".

	   This moves one to the middle line of the screen, moves in  20  col‐
	   umns	 left,	marks the beginning of the paste buffer, sets the left
	   column, moves 5 columns down, sets the right column, and then marks
	   the end of the paste buffer. Now try:
	   "C-a [ M 20 l SPACE 10 l 5 j SPACE"

	   and notice the difference in the amount of text copied.
	 J  joins lines. It toggles between 4 modes: lines separated by a new‐
	   line character (012), lines glued seamless, lines  separated	 by  a
	   single  whitespace  and  comma  separated  lines. Note that you can
	   prepend the newline character with a carriage return character,  by
	   issuing a "crlf on".
	 v  is	for all the vi users with ":set numbers" - it toggles the left
	   margin between column 9 and 1. Press
	 a before the final space key to toggle in append mode. Thus the  con‐
	   tents  of the paste buffer will not be overwritten, but is appended
	   to.
	 A toggles in append mode and sets a (second) mark.
	 > sets the (second) mark and writes the contents of the paste	buffer
	   to the screen-exchange file (/tmp/screen-exchange per default) once
	   copy-mode is finished.
	   This example demonstrates how to dump the whole  scrollback	buffer
	   to that file: "C-A [ g SPACE G $ >".
	 C-g gives information about the current line and column.
	 x  exchanges  the first mark and the current cursor position. You can
	   use this to adjust an already placed mark.
	 @ does nothing. Does not even exit copy mode.
	 All keys not described here exit copy mode.

       copy_reg [key]

       No longer exists, use "readreg" instead.

       crlf [on|off]

       This affects the copying of text regions with the `C-a ['  command.  If
       it  is  set  to	`on',  lines  will  be	separated by the two character
       sequence `CR' - `LF'.  Otherwise (default) only `LF' is used.  When  no
       parameter is given, the state is toggled.

       debug on|off

       Turns  runtime  debugging  on  or off. If screen has been compiled with
       option -DDEBUG debugging available and is turned on per	default.  Note
       that  this command only affects debugging output from the main "SCREEN"
       process correctly. Debug output from attacher  processes	 can  only  be
       turned off once and forever.

       defc1 on|off

       Same  as the c1 command except that the default setting for new windows
       is changed. Initial setting is `on'.

       defautonuke on|off

       Same as the autonuke command except that the default  setting  for  new
       displays	 is  changed. Initial setting is `off'.	 Note that you can use
       the special `AN' terminal capability if you want to have	 a  dependency
       on the terminal type.

       defbce on|off

       Same as the bce command except that the default setting for new windows
       is changed. Initial setting is `off'.

       defbreaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK |TCSBRK]

       Choose one of the available methods of generating a  break  signal  for
       terminal	 devices.  The preferred methods are tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK.
       The third, TCSBRK, blocks the complete screen session for the  duration
       of  the	break,	but  it	 may  be the only way to generate long breaks.
       Tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK may or may not produce long breaks with spikes
       (e.g.  4 per second). This is not only system dependant, this also dif‐
       fers between serial board  drivers.   Calling  "defbreaktype"  with  no
       parameter displays the current setting.

       defcharset [set]

       Like  the  charset command except that the default setting for new win‐
       dows is changed. Shows current default if called without argument.

       defescape xy

       Set the default command characters. This is equivalent to the  "escape"
       except  that  it is useful multiuser sessions only. In a multiuser ses‐
       sion "escape" changes the command character of the calling user,	 where
       "defescape"  changes the default command characters for users that will
       be added later.

       defflow on|off|auto [interrupt]

       Same as the flow command except that the default setting for  new  win‐
       dows  is	 changed. Initial setting is `auto'.  Specifying "defflow auto
       interrupt" is the same as the command-line options -fa and -i.

       defgr on|off

       Same as the gr command except that the default setting for new  windows
       is changed. Initial setting is `off'.

       defhstatus [status]

       The  hardstatus	line  that  all new windows will get is set to status.
       This command is useful to make the hardstatus of every  window  display
       the  window  number  or title or the like.  Status may contain the same
       directives as in the window messages, but the directive escape  charac‐
       ter is '^E' (octal 005) instead of '%'.	This was done to make a misin‐
       terpretation of program generated hardstatus lines impossible.  If  the
       parameter  status  is omitted, the current default string is displayed.
       Per default the hardstatus line of new windows is empty.

       defencoding enc

       Same as the encoding command except that the default  setting  for  new
       windows is changed. Initial setting is the encoding taken from the ter‐
       minal.

       deflog on|off

       Same as the log command except that the default setting for new windows
       is changed. Initial setting is `off'.

       deflogin on|off

       Same  as the login command except that the default setting for new win‐
       dows is changed. This is initialized with `on' as distributed (see con‐
       fig.h.in).

       defmode mode

       The mode of each newly allocated pseudo-tty is set to mode.  Mode is an
       octal number.  When no "defmode" command is given, mode 0622 is used.

       defmonitor on|off

       Same as the monitor command except that the  default  setting  for  new
       windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'.

       defnonblock on|off|numsecs

       Same  as	 the nonblock command except that the default setting for dis‐
       plays is changed. Initial setting is `off'.

       defobuflimit limit

       Same as the obuflimit command except that the default setting  for  new
       displays	 is  changed. Initial setting is 256 bytes.  Note that you can
       use the special 'OL' terminal capability if you want to have  a	depen‐
       dency on the terminal type.

       defscrollback num

       Same  as the scrollback command except that the default setting for new
       windows is changed. Initial setting is 100.

       defshell command

       Synonym to the shell command. See there.

       defsilence on|off

       Same as the silence command except that the  default  setting  for  new
       windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'.

       defslowpaste msec"

       Same  as	 the slowpaste command except that the default setting for new
       windows is changed. Initial setting is 0 milliseconds, meaning `off'.

       defutf8 on|off

       Same as the utf8 command except that the default setting for  new  win‐
       dows  is	 changed.  Initial  setting is `on' if screen was started with
       "-U", otherwise `off'.

       defwrap on|off

       Same as the wrap command except that the default setting for  new  win‐
       dows  is changed. Initially line-wrap is on and can be toggled with the
       "wrap" command ("C-a r") or by means of "C-a : wrap on|off".

       defwritelock on|off|auto

       Same as the writelock command except that the default setting  for  new
       windows is changed. Initially writelocks will off.

       defzombie [keys]

       Synonym	to the zombie command. Both currently change the default.  See
       there.

       detach [-h]

       Detach the screen session (disconnect it from the terminal and  put  it
       into  the background).  This returns you to the shell where you invoked
       screen.	A detached screen can be resumed by invoking screen  with  the
       -r  option  (see	 also  section	"COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS"). The -h option
       tells screen to	immediately  close  the	 connection  to	 the  terminal
       ("hangup").

       dinfo

       Show what screen thinks about your terminal. Useful if you want to know
       why features like color or the alternate charset don't work.

       displays

       Shows a tabular listing of  all	currently  connected  user  front-ends
       (displays).  This is most useful for multiuser sessions.

       digraph [preset]

       This  command  prompts  the  user  for a digraph sequence. The next two
       characters typed are looked up in a builtin  table  and	the  resulting
       character  is  inserted	in  the input stream. For example, if the user
       enters 'a"', an a-umlaut will  be  inserted.  If	 the  first  character
       entered	is  a 0 (zero), screen will treat the following characters (up
       to three) as an octal number instead.  The optional argument preset  is
       treated	as user input, thus one can create an "umlaut" key.  For exam‐
       ple the command "bindkey ^K digraph '"'" enables the user  to  generate
       an a-umlaut by typing CTRL-K a.

       dumptermcap

       Write the termcap entry for the virtual terminal optimized for the cur‐
       rently  active  window  to  the	 file	".termcap"   in	  the	user's
       "$HOME/.screen"	directory  (or wherever screen stores its sockets. See
       the "FILES" section below).  This termcap entry	is  identical  to  the
       value of the environment variable $TERMCAP that is set up by screen for
       each window. For terminfo based systems you will need  to  run  a  con‐
       verter like captoinfo and then compile the entry with tic.

       echo [-n] message

       The  echo  command may be used to annoy screen users with a 'message of
       the day'. Typically installed in	 a  global  /local/etc/screenrc.   The
       option  "-n"  may be used to suppress the line feed.  See also "sleep".
       Echo is also useful for online checking of environment variables.

       encoding enc [enc]

       Tell screen how to interpret the input/output. The first argument  sets
       the encoding of the current window. Each window can emulate a different
       encoding. The optional second parameter overwrites the encoding of  the
       connected terminal. It should never be needed as screen uses the locale
       setting to detect the encoding.	There is also a way to select a termi‐
       nal  encoding  depending on the terminal type by using the "KJ" termcap
       entry.

       Supported encodings are eucJP, SJIS, eucKR, eucCN, Big5,	 GBK,  KOI8-R,
       CP1251,	UTF-8,	ISO8859-2, ISO8859-3, ISO8859-4, ISO8859-5, ISO8859-6,
       ISO8859-7, ISO8859-8, ISO8859-9, ISO8859-10, ISO8859-15, jis.

       See also "defencoding", which changes the default setting of a new win‐
       dow.

       escape xy

       Set  the	 command character to x and the character generating a literal
       command character (by triggering the "meta" command) to y  (similar  to
       the  -e	option).   Each	 argument is either a single character, a two-
       character sequence of the form "^x" (meaning "C-x"), a  backslash  fol‐
       lowed  by an octal number (specifying the ASCII code of the character),
       or a backslash followed by a second character, such as  "\^"  or	 "\\".
       The default is "^Aa".

       eval command1 [command2 ...]

       Parses and executes each argument as separate command.

       exec [[fdpat] newcommand [args ...]]

       Run  a  unix subprocess (specified by an executable path newcommand and
       its optional arguments) in the current window. The flow of data between
       newcommands  stdin/stdout/stderr, the process originally started in the
       window (let us call it "application-process") and screen	 itself	 (win‐
       dow)  is	 controlled by the filedescriptor pattern fdpat.  This pattern
       is basically a three character sequence representing stdin, stdout  and
       stderr of newcommand. A dot (.) connects the file descriptor to screen.
       An exclamation mark (!) causes the file descriptor to be	 connected  to
       the application-process. A colon (:) combines both.  User input will go
       to newcommand unless newcommand receives the application-process'  out‐
       put  (fdpats  first  character  is  `!' or `:') or a pipe symbol (|) is
       added (as a fourth character) to the end of fdpat.
       Invoking `exec' without arguments shows name and arguments of the  cur‐
       rently  running	subprocess  in this window. Only one subprocess a time
       can be running in each window.
       When a subprocess is running the `kill' command will affect it  instead
       of the windows process.
       Refer  to  the postscript file `doc/fdpat.ps' for a confusing illustra‐
       tion of all 21 possible combinations. Each  drawing  shows  the	digits
       2,1,0  representing  the	 three file descriptors of newcommand. The box
       marked `W' is the usual pty that has  the  application-process  on  its
       slave  side.   The  box	marked	`P'  is the secondary pty that now has
       screen at its master side.

       Abbreviations:
       Whitespace between the word `exec' and fdpat and	 the  command  can  be
       omitted. Trailing dots and a fdpat consisting only of dots can be omit‐
       ted. A simple `|' is synonymous for the pattern `!..|'; the  word  exec
       can be omitted here and can always be replaced by `!'.

       Examples:

	      exec ... /bin/sh
	      exec /bin/sh
	      !/bin/sh

       Creates	another	 shell in the same window, while the original shell is
       still running. Output of both shells is displayed  and  user  input  is
       sent to the new /bin/sh.

	      exec !.. stty 19200
	      exec ! stty 19200
	      !!stty 19200

       Set  the	 speed	of  the window's tty. If your stty command operates on
       stdout, then add another `!'.

	      exec !..| less
	      |less

       This adds a pager to the window output. The special  character  `|'  is
       needed  to  give	 the  user control over the pager although it gets its
       input from the window's process. This works, because  less  listens  on
       stderr  (a  behavior that screen would not expect without the `|') when
       its stdin is not a tty.	Less versions newer than  177  fail  miserably
       here; good old pg still works.

	      !:sed -n s/.*Error.*/\007/p

       Sends  window  output  to  both,	 the user and the sed command. The sed
       inserts an additional bell character (oct. 007) to  the	window	output
       seen  by screen.	 This will cause "Bell in window x" messages, whenever
       the string "Error" appears in the window.

       fit

       Change the window size to the size of the current region. This  command
       is needed because screen doesn't adapt the window size automatically if
       the window is displayed more than once.

       flow [on|off|auto]

       Sets the flow-control mode for  this  window.   Without	parameters  it
       cycles  the  current  window's flow-control setting from "automatic" to
       "on" to "off".  See the discussion on "FLOW-CONTROL" later on  in  this
       document	 for  full details and note, that this is subject to change in
       future releases.	 Default is set by `defflow'.

       focus [up|down|top|bottom]

       Move the input focus to the next region. This is done in a  cyclic  way
       so  that the top region is selected after the bottom one. If no subcom‐
       mand is given it defaults to `down'. `up' cycles in the opposite order,
       `top' and `bottom' go to the top and bottom region respectively. Useful
       bindings are (j and k as in vi)
	   bind j focus down
	   bind k focus up
	   bind t focus top
	   bind b focus bottom

       gr [on|off]

       Turn GR charset switching on/off. Whenever screen sees an input charac‐
       ter with the 8th bit set, it will use the charset stored in the GR slot
       and print the character with the 8th bit	 stripped.  The	 default  (see
       also  "defgr")  is  not	to  process GR switching because otherwise the
       ISO88591 charset would not work.

       hardcopy [-h] [file]

       Writes out the currently displayed image to the file file,  or,	if  no
       filename	 is specified, to hardcopy.n in the default directory, where n
       is the number of the current window.  This either appends or overwrites
       the  file if it exists. See below.  If the option -h is specified, dump
       also the contents of the scrollback buffer.

       hardcopy_append on|off

       If set to "on", screen will append to the "hardcopy.n" files created by
       the  command  "C-a h", otherwise these files are overwritten each time.
       Default is `off'.

       hardcopydir directory

       Defines a directory where hardcopy files	 will  be  placed.  If	unset,
       hardcopys are dumped in screen's current working directory.

       hardstatus [on|off]
       hardstatus [always]lastline|message|ignore [string]
       hardstatus string [string]

       This  command  configures the use and emulation of the terminal's hard‐
       status line. The first form toggles whether screen will use  the	 hard‐
       ware  status  line  to  display	messages. If the flag is set to `off',
       these messages are overlaid in reverse video mode at the display	 line.
       The default setting is `on'.

       The  second form tells screen what to do if the terminal doesn't have a
       hardstatus line (i.e. the  termcap/terminfo  capabilities  "hs",	 "ts",
       "fs" and "ds" are not set). If the type "lastline" is used, screen will
       reserve the last line of the display for the hardstatus. "message" uses
       screen's	 message  mechanism and "ignore" tells screen never to display
       the hardstatus.	If you prepend the word "always" to  the  type	(e.g.,
       "alwayslastline"),  screen  will use the type even if the terminal sup‐
       ports a hardstatus.

       The third form specifies the contents of the hardstatus line.  '%h'  is
       used  as default string, i.e. the stored hardstatus of the current win‐
       dow (settable via "ESC]0;<string>^G"  or	 "ESC_<string>ESC\")  is  dis‐
       played.	 You  can  customize this to any string you like including the
       escapes from the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter. If you leave out  the	 argu‐
       ment string, the current string is displayed.

       You  can mix the second and third form by providing the string as addi‐
       tional argument.

       height [-w|-d] [lines [cols]]

       Set the display height to a specified number of lines. When no argument
       is given it toggles between 24 and 42 lines display. You can also spec‐
       ify a width if you want to change both values.	The  -w	 option	 tells
       screen  to  leave  the  display	size unchanged and just set the window
       size, -d vice versa.

       help [-c class]

       Not really a online help, but displays a help screen  showing  you  all
       the  key bindings.  The first pages list all the internal commands fol‐
       lowed by their current bindings.	 Subsequent  pages  will  display  the
       custom  commands,  one  command	per key.  Press space when you're done
       reading each page, or return to exit early.  All other  characters  are
       ignored.	 If  the  "-c" option is given, display all bound commands for
       the specified command class.  See also "DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS" section.

       history

       Usually users work with a shell that allows  easy  access  to  previous
       commands.  For example csh has the command "!!" to repeat the last com‐
       mand executed.  Screen allows you to have a primitive way of re-calling
       "the  command that started ...": You just type the first letter of that
       command, then hit `C-a {' and screen tries to find a previous line that
       matches	with  the  `prompt  character' to the left of the cursor. This
       line is pasted into this window's input queue.  Thus you have  a	 crude
       command	history (made up by the visible window and its scrollback buf‐
       fer).

       hstatus status

       Change the window's hardstatus line to the string status.

       idle [timeout [cmd args]]

       Sets a command that is run after the specified number of seconds	 inac‐
       tivity  is reached. This command will normally be the "blanker" command
       to create a screen blanker, but it can be any screen  command.	If  no
       command	is  specified,	only the timeout is set. A timeout of zero (ot
       the special timeout off) disables  the  timer.	If  no	arguments  are
       given, the current settings are displayed.

       ignorecase [on|off]

       Tell  screen  to	 ignore the case of characters in searches. Default is
       `off'.

       info

       Uses the message line to display some  information  about  the  current
       window:	the  cursor  position in the form "(column,row)" starting with
       "(1,1)", the terminal width and height plus the size of the  scrollback
       buffer  in  lines,  like	 in  "(80,24)+50", the current state of window
       XON/XOFF flow control is shown like this (See also  section  FLOW  CON‐
       TROL):

	 +flow	   automatic flow control, currently on.
	 -flow	   automatic flow control, currently off.
	 +(+)flow  flow control enabled. Agrees with automatic control.
	 -(+)flow  flow control disabled. Disagrees with automatic control.
	 +(-)flow  flow control enabled. Disagrees with automatic control.
	 -(-)flow  flow control disabled. Agrees with automatic control.

       The  current line wrap setting (`+wrap' indicates enabled, `-wrap' not)
       is also shown. The flags `ins', `org', `app', `log', `mon'  or  `nored'
       are  displayed when the window is in insert mode, origin mode, applica‐
       tion-keypad mode, has output logging, activity  monitoring  or  partial
       redraw enabled.

       The  currently  active  character set (G0, G1, G2, or G3) and in square
       brackets the terminal character sets that are currently	designated  as
       G0  through  G3	is  shown.  If the window is in UTF-8 mode, the string
       "UTF-8" is shown instead.

       Additional modes depending on the type of the window are	 displayed  at
       the end of the status line (See also chapter "WINDOW TYPES").
       If  the	state  machine	of  the	 terminal emulator is in a non-default
       state, the info line is started with a string identifying  the  current
       state.
       For system information use the "time" command.

       ins_reg [key]

       No longer exists, use "paste" instead.

       kill

       Kill current window.
       If  there is an `exec' command running then it is killed. Otherwise the
       process (shell) running in the window receives a HANGUP condition,  the
       window  structure  is  removed  and  screen  (your display) switches to
       another window.	When the  last	window	is  destroyed,	screen	exits.
       After a kill screen switches to the previously displayed window.
       Note:  Emacs  users  should  keep  this command in mind, when killing a
       line.  It is recommended not to use "C-a" as the screen escape  key  or
       to rebind kill to "C-a K".

       lastmsg

       Redisplay  the  last  contents  of  the message/status line.  Useful if
       you're typing when a message appears, because  the  message  goes  away
       when you press a key (unless your terminal has a hardware status line).
       Refer to the commands "msgwait" and "msgminwait" for fine tuning.

       license

       Display the disclaimer page. This is done whenever  screen  is  started
       without	 options,   which   should  be	often  enough.	See  also  the
       "startup_message" command.

       lockscreen

       Lock this  display.   Call  a  screenlock  program  (/local/bin/lck  or
       /usr/bin/lock  or  a builtin if no other is available). Screen does not
       accept any command keys until this program terminates.  Meanwhile  pro‐
       cesses  in  the	windows	 may  continue,	 as  the  windows  are	in the
       `detached' state. The screenlock program may  be	 changed  through  the
       environment  variable  $LOCKPRG	(which	must  be set in the shell from
       which screen is started) and is executed with the user's uid and gid.
       Warning: When you leave other shells unlocked and you have no  password
       set  on	screen,	 the  lock is void: One could easily re-attach from an
       unlocked shell. This feature should rather be called `lockterminal'.

       log [on|off]

       Start/stop writing output of the current window to a file "screenlog.n"
       in the window's default directory, where n is the number of the current
       window. This filename can be changed with the `logfile' command. If  no
       parameter is given, the state of logging is toggled. The session log is
       appended to the previous contents of the file if it already exists. The
       current	contents  and  the  contents of the scrollback history are not
       included in the session log.  Default is `off'.

       logfile filename
       logfile flush secs

       Defines the name the logfiles will get. The default is  "screenlog.%n".
       The  second  form changes the number of seconds screen will wait before
       flushing the logfile buffer to the file-system. The default value is 10
       seconds.

       login [on|off]

       Adds  or	 removes  the  entry in the utmp database file for the current
       window.	This controls if the window is `logged in'.  When no parameter
       is  given,  the	login state of the window is toggled.  Additionally to
       that toggle, it is convenient having a `log in' and a  `log  out'  key.
       E.g. `bind I login on' and `bind O login off' will map these keys to be
       C-a I and C-a O.	 The default setting (in config.h.in) should  be  "on"
       for  a screen that runs under suid-root.	 Use the "deflogin" command to
       change the default login state for new windows. Both commands are  only
       present when screen has been compiled with utmp support.

       logtstamp [on|off]
       logtstamp after [secs]
       logtstamp string [string]

       This command controls logfile time-stamp mechanism of screen.  If time-
       stamps are turned "on", screen adds a  string  containing  the  current
       time  to the logfile after two minutes of inactivity.  When output con‐
       tinues and more than another two minutes have passed,  a	 second	 time-
       stamp  is  added	 to document the restart of the output. You can change
       this timeout with the second form of the command.  The  third  form  is
       used  for customizing the time-stamp string (`-- %n:%t -- time-stamp --
       %M/%d/%y %c:%s --\n' by default).

       mapdefault

       Tell screen that the next input character should only be looked	up  in
       the default bindkey table. See also "bindkey".

       mapnotnext

       Like mapdefault, but don't even look in the default bindkey table.

       maptimeout [timo]

       Set the inter-character timer for input sequence detection to a timeout
       of timo ms. The default timeout is 300ms. Maptimeout with no  arguments
       shows the current setting.  See also "bindkey".

       markkeys string

       This  is	 a  method  of changing the keymap used for copy/history mode.
       The string is made up of oldchar=newchar pairs which are	 separated  by
       `:'. Example: The string "B=^B:F=^F" will change the keys `C-b' and `C-
       f' to the vi style binding (scroll up/down fill page).  This happens to
       be  the	default	 binding  for  `B'  and	 `F'.	The  command "markkeys
       h=^B:l=^F:$=^E" would set the mode for an emacs-style binding.  If your
       terminal sends characters, that cause you to abort copy mode, then this
       command may help by binding these characters to do nothing.  The	 no-op
       character  is `@' and is used like this: "markkeys @=L=H" if you do not
       want to use the `H' or `L' commands any longer.	As shown in this exam‐
       ple,  multiple  keys can be assigned to one function in a single state‐
       ment.

       maxwin num

       Set the maximum	window	number	screen	will  create.  Doesn't	affect
       already existing windows. The number may only be decreased.

       meta

       Insert  the  command  character	(C-a)  in  the	current window's input
       stream.

       monitor [on|off]

       Toggles activity monitoring of windows.	When monitoring is  turned  on
       and  an	affected  window  is  switched	into  the background, you will
       receive the activity notification message in the	 status	 line  at  the
       first  sign of output and the window will also be marked with an `@' in
       the window-status display.  Monitoring is initially off	for  all  win‐
       dows.

       msgminwait sec

       Defines	the  time screen delays a new message when one message is cur‐
       rently displayed.  The default is 1 second.

       msgwait sec

       Defines the time a message is displayed if screen is not	 disturbed  by
       other activity. The default is 5 seconds.

       multiuser on|off

       Switch between singleuser and multiuser mode. Standard screen operation
       is singleuser. In  multiuser  mode  the	commands  `acladd',  `aclchg',
       `aclgrp'	 and  `acldel' can be used to enable (and disable) other users
       accessing this screen session.

       nethack on|off

       Changes the kind of error messages used by screen.  When you are famil‐
       iar  with  the game "nethack", you may enjoy the nethack-style messages
       which will often blur the facts a little, but are much funnier to read.
       Anyway, standard messages often tend to be unclear as well.
       This  option  is only available if screen was compiled with the NETHACK
       flag defined. The default setting is then determined by the presence of
       the environment variable $NETHACKOPTIONS.

       next

       Switch  to  the	next  window.	This command can be used repeatedly to
       cycle through the list of windows.

       nonblock [on|off|numsecs]

       Tell screen how to deal with user interfaces (displays) that  cease  to
       accept output. This can happen if a user presses ^S or a TCP/modem con‐
       nection gets cut but no hangup is received. If nonblock is off (this is
       the default) screen waits until the display restarts to accept the out‐
       put. If nonblock is on, screen waits until the timeout is  reached  (on
       is  treated  as	1s).  If the display still doesn't receive characters,
       screen will consider it "blocked" and stop sending characters to it. If
       at  some time it restarts to accept characters, screen will unblock the
       display and redisplay the updated window contents.

       number [n]

       Change the current windows number. If the given	number	n  is  already
       used  by	 another  window,  both	 windows exchange their numbers. If no
       argument is specified, the current window number (and title) is shown.

       obuflimit [limit]

       If the output buffer contains more bytes than the specified  limit,  no
       more  data  will be read from the windows. The default value is 256. If
       you have a fast display (like xterm), you can set  it  to  some	higher
       value. If no argument is specified, the current setting is displayed.

       only

       Kill all regions but the current one.

       other

       Switch  to  the	window	displayed  previously.	If this window does no
       longer exist, other has the same effect as next.

       partial on|off

       Defines whether the display should be  refreshed	 (as  with  redisplay)
       after  switching	 to  the current window. This command only affects the
       current window.	To immediately affect all windows use  the  allpartial
       command.	 Default is `off', of course.  This default is fixed, as there
       is currently no defpartial command.

       password [crypted_pw]

       Present a crypted password in your ".screenrc" file and screen will ask
       for  it, whenever someone attempts to resume a detached. This is useful
       if you have privileged programs running under screen and	 you  want  to
       protect	your session from reattach attempts by another user masquerad‐
       ing as your uid (i.e. any superuser.)  If no crypted password is speci‐
       fied, screen prompts twice for typing a password and places its encryp‐
       tion in the paste buffer.  Default is `none',  this  disables  password
       checking.

       paste [registers [dest_reg]]

       Write  the  (concatenated)  contents  of the specified registers to the
       stdin queue of the current window. The register '.' is treated  as  the
       paste  buffer. If no parameter is given the user is prompted for a sin‐
       gle register to paste.  The paste buffer can be filled with  the	 copy,
       history	and  readbuf commands.	Other registers can be filled with the
       register, readreg and paste commands.  If paste is called with a second
       argument,  the  contents	 of the specified registers is pasted into the
       named destination register rather than the window. If '.'  is  used  as
       the  second  argument,  the  displays  paste buffer is the destination.
       Note, that "paste" uses a wide variety of resources: Whenever a	second
       argument	 is  specified	no  current  window is needed. When the source
       specification only contains registers (not the paste buffer) then there
       need not be a current display (terminal attached), as the registers are
       a global resource. The paste buffer exists once for every user.

       pastefont [on|off]

       Tell screen to include  font  information  in  the  paste  buffer.  The
       default	is  not	 to do so. This command is especially useful for multi
       character fonts like kanji.

       pow_break

       Reopen the window's terminal line  and  send  a	break  condition.  See
       `break'.

       pow_detach

       Power  detach.  Mainly the same as detach, but also sends a HANGUP sig‐
       nal to the parent process of screen.  CAUTION: This will	 result	 in  a
       logout, when screen was started from your login shell.

       pow_detach_msg [message]

       The message specified here is output whenever a `Power detach' was per‐
       formed. It may be used as a replacement for  a  logout  message	or  to
       reset baud rate, etc.  Without parameter, the current message is shown.

       prev

       Switch  to  the window with the next lower number.  This command can be
       used repeatedly to cycle through the list of windows.

       printcmd [cmd]

       If cmd is not an empty string, screen will not use the  terminal	 capa‐
       bilities	 "po/pf"  if  it detects an ansi print sequence ESC [ 5 i, but
       pipe the output into cmd.  This should normally be a command like "lpr"
       or  "'cat  >  /tmp/scrprint'".  printcmd without a command displays the
       current setting.	 The ansi sequence ESC \ ends printing and closes  the
       pipe.
       Warning:	 Be careful with this command! If other user have write access
       to your terminal, they will be able to fire off print commands.

       process [key]

       Stuff the contents of the specified register into screen's input queue.
       If  no argument is given you are prompted for a register name. The text
       is parsed as if it had been typed in from  the  user's  keyboard.  This
       command can be used to bind multiple actions to a single key.

       quit

       Kill all windows and terminate screen.  Note that on VT100-style termi‐
       nals the keys C-4 and C-\ are identical.	 This makes the default	 bind‐
       ings  dangerous:	 Be  careful not to type C-a C-4 when selecting window
       no. 4.  Use the empty bind command (as in "bind '^\'") to remove a  key
       binding.

       readbuf [-e encoding] [filename]

       Reads  the  contents  of the specified file into the paste buffer.  You
       can tell screen the encoding of the file via the -e option.  If no file
       is  specified, the screen-exchange filename is used.  See also "buffer‐
       file" command.

       readreg [-e encoding] [register [filename]]

       Does one of two things, dependent on number of arguments: with zero  or
       one  arguments it it duplicates the paste buffer contents into the reg‐
       ister specified or entered at the prompt. With two arguments  it	 reads
       the contents of the named file into the register, just as readbuf reads
       the screen-exchange file into the paste buffer.	You  can  tell	screen
       the encoding of the file via the -e option.  The following example will
       paste the system's password file into the screen window (using register
       p, where a copy remains):

		   C-a : readreg p /etc/passwd
		   C-a : paste p

       redisplay

       Redisplay  the  current	window. Needed to get a full redisplay when in
       partial redraw mode.

       register [-e encoding] key string

       Save the specified string to the register key.	The  encoding  of  the
       string  can  be specified via the -e option.  See also the "paste" com‐
       mand.

       remove

       Kill the current region. This is a no-op if there is only one region.

       removebuf

       Unlinks the screen-exchange file used by the  commands  "writebuf"  and
       "readbuf".

       reset

       Reset  the  virtual  terminal  to  its  "power-on"  values. Useful when
       strange settings (like scroll regions or graphics  character  set)  are
       left over from an application.

       resize

       Resize  the  current region. The space will be removed from or added to
       the region below or if there's not enough space from the region above.

	      resize +N	  increase current region height by N

	      resize -N	  decrease current region height by N

	      resize  N	  set current region height to N

	      resize  =	  make all windows equally high

	      resize  max maximize current region height

	      resize  min minimize current region height

       screen [-opts] [n] [cmd [args]]

       Establish a new window.	The flow-control options (-f,  -fn  and	 -fa),
       title  (a.k.a.) option (-t), login options (-l and -ln) , terminal type
       option (-T <term>), the all-capability-flag (-a) and scrollback	option
       (-h  <num>)  may be specified with each command.	 The option (-M) turns
       monitoring on for this window.  The option (-L) turns output logging on
       for  this  window.  If an optional number n in the range 0..9 is given,
       the window number n is assigned to the newly  created  window  (or,  if
       this  number  is already in-use, the next available number).  If a com‐
       mand is specified after "screen", this command (with  the  given	 argu‐
       ments)  is started in the window; otherwise, a shell is created.	 Thus,
       if your ".screenrc" contains the lines

		   # example for .screenrc:
		   screen 1
		   screen -fn -t foobar -L 2 telnet foobar

       screen creates a shell window (in window #1) and a window with a TELNET
       connection  to the machine foobar (with no flow-control using the title
       "foobar" in window #2) and will write a logfile ("screenlog.2") of  the
       telnet session.	Note, that unlike previous versions of screen no addi‐
       tional default window is created when "screen" commands are included in
       your  ".screenrc"  file.	 When  the initialization is completed, screen
       switches to the last window specified in your  .screenrc	 file  or,  if
       none, opens a default window #0.
       Screen  has built in some functionality of "cu" and "telnet".  See also
       chapter "WINDOW TYPES".

       scrollback num

       Set the size of the scrollback buffer for the current  windows  to  num
       lines.  The  default scrollback is 100 lines.  See also the "defscroll‐
       back" command and use "C-a i" to view the current setting.

       select [WindowID]

       Switch to the window identified by WindowID.  This can be a prefix of a
       window title (alphanumeric window name) or a window number.  The param‐
       eter is optional and if omitted, you get prompted  for  an  identifier.
       When  a	new  window  is	 established,  the  first  available number is
       assigned to this window.	 Thus, the first window can  be	 activated  by
       "select	0".   The  number of windows is limited at compile-time by the
       MAXWIN configuration parameter.	There are two special  WindowIDs,  "-"
       selects	the  internal blank window and "." selects the current window.
       The latter is useful if used with screen's "-X" option.

       sessionname [name]

       Rename the current session. Note, that  for  "screen  -list"  the  name
       shows up with the process-id prepended. If the argument "name" is omit‐
       ted, the name of this session is displayed. Caution: The $STY  environ‐
       ment  variables	still reflects the old name. This may result in confu‐
       sion.  The default is constructed from the tty and host names.

       setenv [var [string]]

       Set the environment variable var to value string.  If only var is spec‐
       ified,  the  user  will be prompted to enter a value.  If no parameters
       are specified, the user will be prompted for both variable  and	value.
       The environment is inherited by all subsequently forked shells.

       setsid [on|off]

       Normally screen uses different sessions and process groups for the win‐
       dows. If setsid is turned off, this is not done anymore and all windows
       will  be	 in the same process group as the screen backend process. This
       also breaks job-control, so be careful.	The default is on, of  course.
       This command is probably useful only in rare circumstances.

       shell command

       Set  the	 command to be used to create a new shell.  This overrides the
       value of the environment variable $SHELL.  This is useful if you'd like
       to  run a tty-enhancer which is expecting to execute the program speci‐
       fied in $SHELL. If the command begins with a '-' character,  the	 shell
       will be started as a login-shell.

       shelltitle title

       Set  the	 title for all shells created during startup or by the C-A C-c
       command.	 For details about what a title is, see the  discussion	 enti‐
       tled "TITLES (naming windows)".

       silence [on|off|sec]

       Toggles	silence	 monitoring of windows.	 When silence is turned on and
       an affected window is switched into the background,  you	 will  receive
       the  silence  notification message in the status line after a specified
       period of inactivity (silence). The default timeout can be changed with
       the  `silencewait' command or by specifying a number of seconds instead
       of `on' or `off'.  Silence is initially off for all windows.

       silencewait sec

       Define the time that all windows	 monitored  for	 silence  should  wait
       before displaying a message. Default 30 seconds.

       sleep num

       This  command will pause the execution of a .screenrc file for num sec‐
       onds.  Keyboard activity will end the sleep.  It may be	used  to  give
       users a chance to read the messages output by "echo".

       slowpaste msec

       Define  the  speed at which text is inserted into the current window by
       the paste ("C-a ]") command.  If the slowpaste value is nonzero text is
       written	character by character.	 screen will make a pause of msec mil‐
       liseconds after each single character write to allow the application to
       process its input. Only use slowpaste if your underlying system exposes
       flow control problems while pasting large amounts of text.

       source file

       Read and execute commands from file file. Source commands may be nested
       to  a  maximum  recursion level of ten. If file is not an absolute path
       and screen is already processing a source command, the parent directory
       of  the	running source command file is used to search for the new com‐
       mand file before screen's current directory.

       Note that termcap/terminfo/termcapinfo commands only  work  at  startup
       and  reattach  time,  so	 they must be reached via the default screenrc
       files to have an effect.

       sorendition [attr [color]]

       Change the way screen does highlighting for text marking	 and  printing
       messages.  See the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter for the syntax of the modi‐
       fiers.  The default is currently "=s dd" (standout, default colors).

       split

       Split the current region into two new ones. All regions on the  display
       are  resized  to make room for the new region. The blank window is dis‐
       played on the new region. Use the "remove" or  the  "only"  command  to
       delete regions.

       startup_message on|off

       Select  whether	you  want  to see the copyright notice during startup.
       Default is `on', as you probably noticed.

       stuff string

       Stuff the string string in the input  buffer  of	 the  current  window.
       This is like the "paste" command but with much less overhead.  You can‐
       not paste large buffers with the "stuff" command. It is most useful for
       key bindings. See also "bindkey".

       su [username [password [password2]]

       Substitute  the	user of a display. The command prompts for all parame‐
       ters that are omitted. If passwords are specified as  parameters,  they
       have  to be specified un-crypted. The first password is matched against
       the systems passwd database, the second password is matched against the
       screen  password as set with the commands "acladd" or "password".  "Su"
       may be useful for the screen administrator to  test  multiuser  setups.
       When  the  identification  fails,  the  user has access to the commands
       available for user nobody.  These are "detach",	"license",  "version",
       "help" and "displays".

       suspend

       Suspend	screen.	 The windows are in the `detached' state, while screen
       is suspended. This feature relies on the shell being  able  to  do  job
       control.

       term term

       In each window's environment screen opens, the $TERM variable is set to
       "screen" by default.  But when no description for "screen" is installed
       in  the	local  termcap or terminfo data base, you set $TERM to - say -
       "vt100". This won't do much harm, as screen is  VT100/ANSI  compatible.
       The  use	 of the "term" command is discouraged for non-default purpose.
       That is, one may want to specify special $TERM  settings	 (e.g.	vt100)
       for  the	 next  "screen	rlogin	othermachine" command. Use the command
       "screen -T vt100 rlogin othermachine" rather than setting and resetting
       the default.

       termcap term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]
       terminfo term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]
       termcapinfo term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]

       Use  this command to modify your terminal's termcap entry without going
       through all the hassles involved in creating a  custom  termcap	entry.
       Plus,  you  can optionally customize the termcap generated for the win‐
       dows.  You have to place these commands in one of the screenrc  startup
       files, as they are meaningless once the terminal emulator is booted.
       If  your	 system	 works uses the terminfo database rather than termcap,
       screen will understand the  `terminfo'  command,	 which	has  the  same
       effects	as the `termcap' command.  Two separate commands are provided,
       as there are subtle syntactic differences, e.g. when parameter interpo‐
       lation (using `%') is required. Note that termcap names of the capabil‐
       ities have to be used with the `terminfo' command.
       In many cases, where the arguments are valid in both terminfo and term‐
       cap  syntax,  you  can  use  the command `termcapinfo', which is just a
       shorthand for a pair of `termcap' and `terminfo' commands with  identi‐
       cal arguments.

       The  first  argument  specifies which terminal(s) should be affected by
       this definition.	 You can specify multiple terminal names by separating
       them  with `|'s.	 Use `*' to match all terminals and `vt*' to match all
       terminals that begin with "vt".

       Each tweak argument contains one or more termcap defines (separated  by
       `:'s)  to  be  inserted	at the start of the appropriate termcap entry,
       enhancing it or overriding existing values.  The first  tweak  modifies
       your  terminal's	 termcap,  and contains definitions that your terminal
       uses to perform certain functions.  Specify a null string to leave this
       unchanged (e.g. '').  The second (optional) tweak modifies all the win‐
       dow termcaps, and should contain definitions  that  screen  understands
       (see the "VIRTUAL TERMINAL" section).

       Some examples:

	      termcap xterm*  LP:hs@

       Informs	screen	that  all  terminals that begin with `xterm' have firm
       auto-margins that allow the last position on the screen to  be  updated
       (LP), but they don't really have a status line (no 'hs' - append `@' to
       turn entries off).  Note that we assume `LP'  for  all  terminal	 names
       that  start  with "vt", but only if you don't specify a termcap command
       for that terminal.

	      termcap vt*  LP
	      termcap vt102|vt220  Z0=\E[?3h:Z1=\E[?3l

       Specifies the firm-margined `LP'	 capability  for  all  terminals  that
       begin with `vt', and the second line will also add the escape-sequences
       to switch into (Z0) and back out of (Z1) 132-character-per-line mode if
       this  is a VT102 or VT220.  (You must specify Z0 and Z1 in your termcap
       to use the width-changing commands.)

	      termcap vt100  ""	 l0=PF1:l1=PF2:l2=PF3:l3=PF4

       This leaves your vt100 termcap alone and adds the function  key	labels
       to each window's termcap entry.

	      termcap h19|z19  am@:im=\E@:ei=\EO  dc=\E[P

       Takes a h19 or z19 termcap and turns off auto-margins (am@) and enables
       the insert mode (im) and end-insert (ei) capabilities (the `@'  in  the
       `im' string is after the `=', so it is part of the string).  Having the
       `im' and `ei' definitions put into your terminal's termcap  will	 cause
       screen  to  automatically  advertise the character-insert capability in
       each window's termcap.  Each window will also get the  delete-character
       capability  (dc) added to its termcap, which screen will translate into
       a line-update for the terminal (we're  pretending  it  doesn't  support
       character deletion).

       If  you	would  like  to fully specify each window's termcap entry, you
       should instead set the $SCREENCAP variable  prior  to  running  screen.
       See  the	 discussion  on the "VIRTUAL TERMINAL" in this manual, and the
       termcap(5) man page for more information on termcap definitions.

       time [string]

       Uses the message line to display the time of day, the  host  name,  and
       the  load  averages  over 1, 5, and 15 minutes (if this is available on
       your system).  For window specific information use "info".

       If a string is specified, it changes the format of the time report like
       it  is described in the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter. Screen uses a default
       of "%c:%s %M %d %H%? %l%?".

       title [windowtitle]

       Set the name of the current window to windowtitle. If no name is speci‐
       fied, screen prompts for one. This command was known as `aka' in previ‐
       ous releases.

       unsetenv var

       Unset an environment variable.

       utf8 [on|off [on|off]]

       Change the encoding used in the current window. If utf8 is enabled, the
       strings	sent to the window will be UTF-8 encoded and vice versa. Omit‐
       ting the parameter toggles the setting. If a second parameter is given,
       the display's encoding is also changed (this should rather be done with
       screen's "-U" option).  See also "defutf8", which changes  the  default
       setting of a new window.

       vbell [on|off]

       Sets  the  visual  bell setting for this window. Omitting the parameter
       toggles the setting. If vbell is switched on, but  your	terminal  does
       not support a visual bell, a `vbell-message' is displayed in the status
       line when the bell character (^G) is received.  Visual bell support  of
       a terminal is defined by the termcap variable `vb' (terminfo: 'flash').
       Per  default,  vbell  is	 off, thus the audible bell is used.  See also
       `bell_msg'.

       vbell_msg [message]

       Sets the visual bell message. message is printed to the status line  if
       the  window  receives  a bell character (^G), vbell is set to "on", but
       the terminal does not support a visual bell.  The  default  message  is
       "Wuff, Wuff!!".	Without parameter, the current message is shown.

       vbellwait sec

       Define  a  delay	 in seconds after each display of screen's visual bell
       message. The default is 1 second.

       verbose [on|off]

       If verbose is switched on, the command name is echoed, whenever a  win‐
       dow  is	created	 (or  resurrected  from zombie state). Default is off.
       Without parameter, the current setting is shown.

       version

       Print the current version and the compile date in the status line.

       wall message

       Write a message to all displays. The message will appear in the	termi‐
       nal's status line.

       width [-w|-d] [cols [lines]]

       Toggle  the  window  width between 80 and 132 columns or set it to cols
       columns if an argument is specified.  This requires a capable  terminal
       and  the	 termcap entries "Z0" and "Z1".	 See the "termcap" command for
       more information. You can also specify a new  height  if	 you  want  to
       change  both  values.   The -w option tells screen to leave the display
       size unchanged and just set the window size, -d vice versa.

       windowlist [-b] [-m]
       windowlist string [string]
       windowlist title [title]

       Display all windows in a table for visual window selection. The desired
       window  can  be selected via the standard movement keys (see the "copy"
       command) and activated via the return key.  If the -b option is	given,
       screen  will  switch to the blank window before presenting the list, so
       that the current window is also selectable.  The -m option changes  the
       order  of the windows, instead of sorting by window numbers screen uses
       its internal most-recently-used list.

       The table format can be changed with the string and title  option,  the
       title  is displayed as table heading, while the lines are made by using
       the string setting. The default setting is "Num	Name%=Flags"  for  the
       title and "%3n %t%=%f" for the lines.  See the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter
       for more codes (e.g. color settings).

       windows

       Uses the message line to display a list of all the windows.  Each  win‐
       dow  is listed by number with the name of process that has been started
       in the window (or its title); the current window is marked with a  `*';
       the  previous  window  is  marked  with a `-'; all the windows that are
       "logged in" are marked  with  a	`$';  a	 background  window  that  has
       received a bell is marked with a `!'; a background window that is being
       monitored and has had activity occur is marked with an  `@';  a	window
       which  has output logging turned on is marked with `(L)'; windows occu‐
       pied by other users are marked with `&'; windows in  the	 zombie	 state
       are marked with `Z'.  If this list is too long to fit on the terminal's
       status line only the portion around the current window is displayed.

       wrap [on|off]

       Sets the line-wrap setting for the current window.  When	 line-wrap  is
       on,  the second consecutive printable character output at the last col‐
       umn of a line will wrap to the start of	the  following	line.	As  an
       added feature, backspace (^H) will also wrap through the left margin to
       the previous line.  Default is `on'.

       writebuf [-e encoding] [filename]

       Writes the contents of the paste buffer to the specified file,  or  the
       public accessible screen-exchange file if no filename is given. This is
       thought of as a primitive means of communication between	 screen	 users
       on  the	same  host.  If	 an  encoding is specified the paste buffer is
       recoded on the fly to match the encoding.  The filename can be set with
       the bufferfile command and defaults to "/tmp/screen-exchange".

       writelock [on|off|auto]

       In addition to access control lists, not all users may be able to write
       to the same window at once. Per default, writelock is  in  `auto'  mode
       and  grants  exclusive input permission to the user who is the first to
       switch to the particular window. When he leaves the window, other users
       may  obtain the writelock (automatically). The writelock of the current
       window is disabled by the command "writelock off". If the  user	issues
       the  command  "writelock	 on"  he  keeps the exclusive write permission
       while switching to other windows.

       xoff
       xon

       Insert a CTRL-s / CTRL-q character to the stdin queue  of  the  current
       window.

       zmodem [off|auto|catch|pass]
       zmodem sendcmd [string]
       zmodem recvcmd [string]

       Define  zmodem  support	for  screen.  Screen understands two different
       modes when it detects a zmodem request: "pass"  and  "catch".   If  the
       mode is set to "pass", screen will relay all data to the attacher until
       the end of the transmission is reached.	In "catch" mode screen acts as
       a  zmodem  endpoint and starts the corresponding rz/sz commands. If the
       mode is set to "auto", screen will use "catch" if the window is	a  tty
       (e.g. a serial line), otherwise it will use "pass".
       You can define the templates screen uses in "catch" mode via the second
       and the third form.
       Note also that this is an experimental feature.

       zombie [keys]
       defzombie [keys]

       Per default screen windows are removed from the window list as soon  as
       the  windows  process  (e.g. shell) exits. When a string of two keys is
       specified to the zombie command, `dead'	windows	 will  remain  in  the
       list.   The  kill command may be used to remove such a window. Pressing
       the first key in the dead window has the same effect. When pressing the
       second  key,  screen  will attempt to resurrect the window. The process
       that was initially running in the window will be launched again.	 Call‐
       ing  zombie without parameters will clear the zombie setting, thus mak‐
       ing windows disappear when their process exits.

       As the zombie-setting is manipulated globally  for  all	windows,  this
       command	should	only  be called defzombie. Until we need this as a per
       window setting, the commands zombie and defzombie are synonymous.

THE MESSAGE LINE
       Screen displays informational messages and other diagnostics in a  mes‐
       sage  line.   While this line is distributed to appear at the bottom of
       the screen, it can be defined to appear at the top of the screen during
       compilation.   If  your terminal has a status line defined in its term‐
       cap, screen will use this for displaying its messages, otherwise a line
       of  the	current screen will be temporarily overwritten and output will
       be momentarily interrupted. The message line is	automatically  removed
       after  a few seconds delay, but it can also be removed early (on termi‐
       nals without a status line) by beginning to type.

       The message line facility can be used by an application running in  the
       current	window	by means of the ANSI Privacy message control sequence.
       For instance, from within the shell, try something like:

	      echo '<esc>^Hello world from window '$WINDOW'<esc>\\'

       where '<esc>' is an escape, '^' is a literal up-arrow, and  '\\'	 turns
       into a single backslash.

WINDOW TYPES
       Screen  provides	 three different window types. New windows are created
       with screen's screen command (see also the entry in chapter "CUSTOMIZA‐
       TION"). The first parameter to the screen command defines which type of
       window is created. The different window types are all special cases  of
       the  normal  type.  They have been added in order to allow screen to be
       used efficiently as a console multiplexer with 100 or more windows.

       ·  The normal window contains a shell  (default,	 if  no	 parameter  is
	  given)  or  any  other  system command that could be executed from a
	  shell (e.g.  slogin, etc...)

       ·  If a tty (character special device) name (e.g. "/dev/ttya") is spec‐
	  ified	 as the first parameter, then the window is directly connected
	  to this device.  This window	type  is  similar  to  "screen	cu  -l
	  /dev/ttya".	Read  and write access is required on the device node,
	  an exclusive open is attempted on the node to	 mark  the  connection
	  line	as  busy.   An	optional  parameter is allowed consisting of a
	  comma separated list of flags in the notation used by stty(1):

	  <baud_rate>
		 Usually 300, 1200, 9600 or 19200. This	 affects  transmission
		 as well as receive speed.

	  cs8 or cs7
		 Specify the transmission of eight (or seven) bits per byte.

	  ixon or -ixon
		 Enables  (or  disables) software flow-control (CTRL-S/CTRL-Q)
		 for sending data.

	  ixoff or -ixon
		 Enables (or disables)	software  flow-control	for  receiving
		 data.

	  istrip or -istrip
		 Clear (or keep) the eight bit in each received byte.

	  You  may  want  to  specify  as many of these options as applicable.
	  Unspecified options cause the terminal driver to make up the parame‐
	  ter values of the connection.	 These values are system dependant and
	  may be in defaults or values saved from a previous connection.

	  For tty windows, the info command shows some of  the	modem  control
	  lines	 in  the  status  line. These may include `RTS', `CTS', 'DTR',
	  `DSR', `CD' and more.	 This depends on the available	ioctl()'s  and
	  system  header  files as well as the on the physical capabilities of
	  the serial board.  Signals that  are	logical	 low  (inactive)  have
	  their name preceded by an exclamation mark (!), otherwise the signal
	  is logical high (active).  Signals not supported by the hardware but
	  available to the ioctl() interface are usually shown low.
	  When	the  CLOCAL status bit is true, the whole set of modem signals
	  is placed inside curly braces ({ and }).  When the CRTSCTS or	 TIOC‐
	  SOFTCAR bit is set, the signals `CTS' or `CD' are shown in parenthe‐
	  sis, respectively.

	  For tty windows, the command break causes the Data transmission line
	  (TxD)	 to go low for a specified period of time. This is expected to
	  be interpreted as break signal on the other side.  No data  is  sent
	  and no modem control line is changed when a break is issued.

       ·  If  the  first  parameter  is	 "//telnet",  the  second parameter is
	  expected to be a host name, and  an  optional	 third	parameter  may
	  specify a TCP port number (default decimal 23).  Screen will connect
	  to a server listening on the remote host and use the telnet protocol
	  to communicate with that server.
	  For telnet windows, the command info shows details about the connec‐
	  tion in square brackets ([ and ]) at the end of the status line.

	  b	 BINARY. The connection is in binary mode.

	  e	 ECHO. Local echo is disabled.

	  c	 SGA. The connection is in `character  mode'  (default:	 `line
		 mode').

	  t	 TTYPE.	 The  terminal	type  has been requested by the remote
		 host.	Screen sends the name "screen" unless instructed  oth‐
		 erwise (see also the command `term').

	  w	 NAWS. The remote site is notified about window size changes.

	  f	 LFLOW.	 The  remote  host will send flow control information.
		 (Ignored at the moment.)

	  Additional flags for debugging are x, t and n (XDISPLOC, TSPEED  and
	  NEWENV).

	  For  telnet  windows,	 the  command  break sends the telnet code IAC
	  BREAK (decimal 243) to the remote host.

	  This window type is only available if screen was compiled  with  the
	  BUILTIN_TELNET option defined.

STRING ESCAPES
       Screen provides an escape mechanism to insert information like the cur‐
       rent time into messages or file names. The escape character is '%' with
       one  exception:	inside	of  a  window's hardstatus '^%' ('^E') is used
       instead.

       Here is the full list of supported escapes:

       %      the escape character itself

       a      either 'am' or 'pm'

       A      either 'AM' or 'PM'

       c      current time HH:MM in 24h format

       C      current time HH:MM in 12h format

       d      day number

       D      weekday name

       f      flags of the window

       F      sets %? to true if the window has the focus

       h      hardstatus of the window

       H      hostname of the system

       l      current load of the system

       m      month number

       M      month name

       n      window number

       s      seconds

       t      window title

       u      all other users on this window

       w      all window numbers and names. With '-'  quailifier:  up  to  the
	      current  window;	with  '+'  qualifier: starting with the window
	      after the current one.

       W      all window numbers and names except the current one

       y      last two digits of the year number

       Y      full year number

       ?      the part to the next '%?' is displayed  only  if	a  '%'	escape
	      inside the part expands to a non-empty string

       :      else part of '%?'

       =      pad  the	string to the display's width (like TeX's hfill). If a
	      number is specified, pad	to  the	 percentage  of	 the  window's
	      width.   A  '0'  qualifier  tells	 screen to treat the number as
	      absolute position.  You can specify to pad relative to the  last
	      absolute	pad position by adding a '+' qualifier or to pad rela‐
	      tive to the right margin by using '-'. The padding truncates the
	      string  if  the specified position lies before the current posi‐
	      tion. Add the 'L' qualifier to change this.

       <      same as '%=' but just do truncation, do not fill with spaces

       >      mark the current text position for  the  next  truncation.  When
	      screen  needs  to do truncation, it tries to do it in a way that
	      the marked position gets moved to the  specified	percentage  of
	      the  output  area.  (The	area starts from the last absolute pad
	      position and ends with the position specified by the  truncation
	      operator.)  The 'L' qualifier tells screen to mark the truncated
	      parts with '...'.

       {      attribute/color modifier string terminated by the next "}"

       `      Substitute with the output of a 'backtick' command.  The	length
	      qualifier is misused to identify one of the commands.

       The  'c'	 and 'C' escape may be qualified with a '0' to make screen use
       zero instead of space as fill character. The '0' qualifier  also	 makes
       the  '='	 escape use absolute positions. The 'n' and '=' escapes under‐
       stand a length qualifier (e.g. '%3n'), 'D' and 'M' can be prefixed with
       'L'  to	generate long names, 'w' and 'W' also show the window flags if
       'L' is given.

       An attribute/color modifier is is used to change the attributes or  the
       color  settings.	 Its  format  is "[attribute modifier] [color descrip‐
       tion]". The attribute modifier must be prefixed by a change type	 indi‐
       cator  if  it  can  be  confused with a color desciption. The following
       change types are known:

       +      add the specified set to the current attributes

       -      remove the set from the current attributes

       !      invert the set in the current attributes

       =      change the current attributes to the specified set

       The attribute set can either be specified as a hexadecimal number or  a
       combination of the following letters:

       d      dim
       u      underline
       b      bold
       r      reverse
       s      standout
       B      blinking

       Colors are coded either as a hexadecimal number or two letters specify‐
       ing the desired background and foreground color (in  that  order).  The
       following colors are known:

       k      black
       r      red
       g      green
       y      yellow
       b      blue
       m      magenta
       c      cyan
       w      white
       d      default color
       .      leave color unchanged

       The  capitalized	 versions of the letter specify bright colors. You can
       also use the pseudo-color 'i' to set just the brightness and leave  the
       color unchanged.
       A  one digit/letter color description is treated as foreground or back‐
       ground color dependant on the current attributes: if  reverse  mode  is
       set,  the  background color is changed instead of the foreground color.
       If you don't like this, prefix the color with a ".". If	you  want  the
       same behaviour for two-letter color descriptions, also prefix them with
       a ".".
       As a special case, "%{-}" restores the attributes and colors that  were
       set  before the last change was made (i.e. pops one level of the color-
       change stack).

       Examples:

       "G"    set color to bright green

       "+b r" use bold red

       "= yd" clear all attributes, write in default  color  on	 yellow	 back‐
	      ground.

       %-Lw%{= BW}%50>%n%f* %t%{-}%+Lw%<
	      The  available  windows centered at the current window and trun‐
	      cated to the available width. The current	 window	 is  displayed
	      white  on	 blue.	 This can be used with "hardstatus alwayslast‐
	      line".

       %?%F%{.R.}%?%3n %t%? [%h]%?
	      The window number and title and the window's hardstatus, if  one
	      is  set.	Also use a red background if this is the active focus.
	      Useful for "caption string".

FLOW-CONTROL
       Each window has a flow-control setting that determines how screen deals
       with the XON and XOFF characters (and perhaps the interrupt character).
       When flow-control is turned off, screen ignores the XON and XOFF	 char‐
       acters,	which  allows  the user to send them to the current program by
       simply typing them (useful for the emacs editor,	 for  instance).   The
       trade-off  is  that it will take longer for output from a "normal" pro‐
       gram to pause in response to an XOFF.  With flow-control turned on, XON
       and  XOFF  characters  are  used to immediately pause the output of the
       current window.	You can still send these  characters  to  the  current
       program, but you must use the appropriate two-character screen commands
       (typically "C-a q" (xon) and "C-a s" (xoff)).   The  xon/xoff  commands
       are  also useful for typing C-s and C-q past a terminal that intercepts
       these characters.

       Each window has an initial flow-control value set with  either  the  -f
       option  or the "defflow" .screenrc command. Per default the windows are
       set to automatic flow-switching.	 It can then be	 toggled  between  the
       three states 'fixed on', 'fixed off' and 'automatic' interactively with
       the "flow" command bound to "C-a f".

       The automatic flow-switching mode deals with  flow  control  using  the
       TIOCPKT	mode  (like "rlogin" does). If the tty driver does not support
       TIOCPKT, screen tries to find out the right mode based on  the  current
       setting of the application keypad - when it is enabled, flow-control is
       turned off and visa versa.  Of course, you can still  manipulate	 flow-
       control manually when needed.

       If  you're running with flow-control enabled and find that pressing the
       interrupt key (usually  C-c)  does  not	interrupt  the	display	 until
       another 6-8 lines have scrolled by, try running screen with the "inter‐
       rupt" option (add the "interrupt" flag to the "flow"  command  in  your
       .screenrc,  or use the -i command-line option).	This causes the output
       that screen has accumulated from the interrupted program to be flushed.
       One  disadvantage  is  that  the virtual terminal's memory contains the
       non-flushed version of the output, which in rare cases can cause	 minor
       inaccuracies  in	 the  output.	For example, if you switch screens and
       return, or update the screen with "C-a l" you would see the version  of
       the  output  you would have gotten without "interrupt" being on.	 Also,
       you might need to turn off flow-control (or use auto-flow mode to  turn
       it  off	automatically) when running a program that expects you to type
       the interrupt character as input, as it is possible  to	interrupt  the
       output of the virtual terminal to your physical terminal when flow-con‐
       trol is enabled.	 If this happens, a simple refresh of the screen  with
       "C-a  l" will restore it.  Give each mode a try, and use whichever mode
       you find more comfortable.

TITLES (naming windows)
       You can customize each window's name in the window display (viewed with
       the "windows" command (C-a w)) by setting it with one of the title com‐
       mands.  Normally the name displayed is the actual command name  of  the
       program created in the window.  However, it is sometimes useful to dis‐
       tinguish various programs of the same name or to change	the  name  on-
       the-fly to reflect the current state of the window.

       The default name for all shell windows can be set with the "shelltitle"
       command in the .screenrc file, while all other windows are created with
       a "screen" command and thus can have their name set with the -t option.
       Interactively,	 there	  is	the    title-string    escape-sequence
       (<esc>kname<esc>\)  and the "title" command (C-a A).  The former can be
       output from an application to control the window's name under  software
       control,	 and  the  latter  will prompt for a name when typed.  You can
       also bind pre-defined names to keys with the  "title"  command  to  set
       things quickly without prompting.

       Finally,	 screen has a shell-specific heuristic that is enabled by set‐
       ting the window's name to "search|name" and arranging to	 have  a  null
       title escape-sequence output as a part of your prompt.  The search por‐
       tion specifies an end-of-prompt search string, while the	 name  portion
       specifies the default shell name for the window.	 If the name ends in a
       `:' screen will add what it believes to be the current command  running
       in  the window to the end of the window's shell name (e.g. "name:cmd").
       Otherwise the current command name supersedes the shell name  while  it
       is running.

       Here's  how  it	works:	 you must modify your shell prompt to output a
       null title-escape-sequence (<esc>k<esc>\) as a  part  of	 your  prompt.
       The  last part of your prompt must be the same as the string you speci‐
       fied for the search portion of the title.  Once this is set up,	screen
       will  use  the title-escape-sequence to clear the previous command name
       and get ready for the next command.  Then, when a newline  is  received
       from  the shell, a search is made for the end of the prompt.  If found,
       it will grab the first word after the matched string and use it as  the
       command	name.  If the command name begins with either '!', '%', or '^'
       screen will use the first word on the  following	 line  (if  found)  in
       preference  to  the  just-found	name.  This helps csh users get better
       command names when using job control or history recall commands.

       Here's some .screenrc examples:

	      screen -t top 2 nice top

       Adding this line to your .screenrc would start a nice-d version of  the
       "top" command in window 2 named "top" rather than "nice".

		   shelltitle '> |csh'
		   screen 1

       These  commands	would  start  a	 shell with the given shelltitle.  The
       title specified is an auto-title that would expect the prompt  and  the
       typed command to look something like the following:

	      /usr/joe/src/dir> trn

       (it  looks  after  the  '>  ' for the command name).  The window status
       would show the name "trn" while the command was running, and revert  to
       "csh" upon completion.

	      bind R screen -t '% |root:' su

       Having  this command in your .screenrc would bind the key sequence "C-a
       R" to the "su" command and give it an auto-title name of "root:".   For
       this auto-title to work, the screen could look something like this:

		   % !em
		   emacs file.c

       Here  the user typed the csh history command "!em" which ran the previ‐
       ously  entered  "emacs"	command.   The	window	 status	  would	  show
       "root:emacs"  during the execution of the command, and revert to simply
       "root:" at its completion.

		   bind o title
		   bind E title ""
		   bind u title (unknown)

       The first binding doesn't have any arguments, so it  would  prompt  you
       for  a title. when you type "C-a o".  The second binding would clear an
       auto-title's current setting (C-a E).  The third binding would set  the
       current window's title to "(unknown)" (C-a u).

       One  thing  to keep in mind when adding a null title-escape-sequence to
       your prompt is that some shells (like the csh) count all	 the  non-con‐
       trol  characters	 as  part  of the prompt's length.  If these invisible
       characters aren't a multiple of 8 then  backspacing  over  a  tab  will
       result in an incorrect display.	One way to get around this is to use a
       prompt like this:

	      set prompt='^[[0000m^[k^[\% '

       The escape-sequence "<esc>[0000m" not  only  normalizes	the  character
       attributes, but all the zeros round the length of the invisible charac‐
       ters up to 8.  Bash  users  will	 probably  want	 to  echo  the	escape
       sequence in the PROMPT_COMMAND:

	      PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -n -e "\033k\033\134"'

       (I used "134" to output a `\' because of a bug in bash v1.04).

THE VIRTUAL TERMINAL
       Each  window  in	 a screen session emulates a VT100 terminal, with some
       extra functions added. The VT100 emulator is hard-coded, no other  ter‐
       minal types can be emulated.
       Usually	screen	tries to emulate as much of the VT100/ANSI standard as
       possible. But if your terminal lacks certain capabilities,  the	emula‐
       tion  may not be complete. In these cases screen has to tell the appli‐
       cations that some of the features are missing. This is  no  problem  on
       machines using termcap, because screen can use the $TERMCAP variable to
       customize the standard screen termcap.

       But if you do a rlogin on another machine or your machine supports only
       terminfo	 this  method  fails.  Because of this, screen offers a way to
       deal with these cases.  Here is how it works:

       When screen tries to figure out a terminal name for  itself,  it	 first
       looks  for an entry named "screen.<term>", where <term> is the contents
       of your $TERM variable.	If no such entry exists, screen tries "screen"
       (or  "screen-w"	if  the terminal is wide (132 cols or more)).  If even
       this entry cannot be found, "vt100" is used as a substitute.

       The idea is that if you have a terminal which doesn't support an impor‐
       tant  feature  (e.g.  delete  char or clear to EOS) you can build a new
       termcap/terminfo entry for screen (named "screen.<dumbterm>") in	 which
       this  capability	 has been disabled. If this entry is installed on your
       machines you are able to do a rlogin and still keep the	correct	 term‐
       cap/terminfo  entry.  The terminal name is put in the $TERM variable of
       all new windows.	 Screen also sets the $TERMCAP variable reflecting the
       capabilities of the virtual terminal emulated. Notice that, however, on
       machines using the terminfo database this variable has no effect.  Fur‐
       thermore, the variable $WINDOW is set to the window number of each win‐
       dow.

       The actual set  of  capabilities	 supported  by	the  virtual  terminal
       depends	on  the	 capabilities supported by the physical terminal.  If,
       for instance, the physical terminal does not support  underscore	 mode,
       screen  does  not  put the `us' and `ue' capabilities into the window's
       $TERMCAP variable, accordingly.	However, a minimum number of capabili‐
       ties  must  be  supported  by a terminal in order to run screen; namely
       scrolling, clear screen, and direct  cursor  addressing	(in  addition,
       screen  does  not  run on hardcopy terminals or on terminals that over-
       strike).

       Also, you can customize the $TERMCAP value used by screen by using  the
       "termcap"  .screenrc  command,  or  by defining the variable $SCREENCAP
       prior to startup.  When the is latter defined, its value will be copied
       verbatim	 into each window's $TERMCAP variable.	This can either be the
       full terminal definition, or a filename	where  the  terminal  "screen"
       (and/or "screen-w") is defined.

       Note  that screen honors the "terminfo" .screenrc command if the system
       uses the terminfo database rather than termcap.

       When the boolean `G0' capability is present in the  termcap  entry  for
       the terminal on which screen has been called, the terminal emulation of
       screen supports multiple character sets.	 This allows an application to
       make use of, for instance, the VT100 graphics character set or national
       character sets.	The following control functions from ISO 2022 are sup‐
       ported:	lock  shift  G0	 (SI), lock shift G1 (SO), lock shift G2, lock
       shift G3, single shift G2, and single shift G3.	When a virtual	termi‐
       nal  is	created	 or reset, the ASCII character set is designated as G0
       through G3.  When the `G0' capability is present, screen evaluates  the
       capabilities  `S0', `E0', and `C0' if present. `S0' is the sequence the
       terminal uses to enable and start the  graphics	character  set	rather
       than  SI.   `E0'	 is the corresponding replacement for SO. `C0' gives a
       character by character translation string that  is  used	 during	 semi-
       graphics	 mode.	This string is built like the `acsc' terminfo capabil‐
       ity.

       When the `po' and `pf' capabilities are present in the terminal's term‐
       cap  entry,  applications running in a screen window can send output to
       the printer port of the terminal.  This allows a user to have an appli‐
       cation  in one window sending output to a printer connected to the ter‐
       minal, while all other windows are still active (the  printer  port  is
       enabled	and  disabled  again  for  each	 chunk of output).  As a side-
       effect, programs running in different windows can send  output  to  the
       printer	simultaneously.	  Data sent to the printer is not displayed in
       the window.  The info command displays a line starting `PRIN' while the
       printer is active.

       Screen  maintains  a hardstatus line for every window. If a window gets
       selected, the display's hardstatus will be updated to  match  the  win‐
       dow's  hardstatus  line. If the display has no hardstatus the line will
       be displayed as a standard screen message.  The hardstatus line can  be
       changed	  with	 the   ANSI   Application   Program   Command	(APC):
       "ESC_<string>ESC\". As a	 convenience  for  xterm  users	 the  sequence
       "ESC]0..2;<string>^G" is also accepted.

       Some  capabilities  are only put into the $TERMCAP variable of the vir‐
       tual terminal if they can be efficiently implemented  by	 the  physical
       terminal.  For instance, `dl' (delete line) is only put into the $TERM‐
       CAP variable if the terminal supports  either  delete  line  itself  or
       scrolling  regions. Note that this may provoke confusion, when the ses‐
       sion is reattached on a different terminal, as the  value  of  $TERMCAP
       cannot be modified by parent processes.

       The  "alternate	screen" capability is not enabled by default.  Set the
       altscreen .screenrc command to enable it.

       The following is a list of  control  sequences  recognized  by  screen.
       "(V)" and "(A)" indicate VT100-specific and ANSI- or ISO-specific func‐
       tions, respectively.

       ESC E			  Next Line

       ESC D			  Index

       ESC M			  Reverse Index

       ESC H			  Horizontal Tab Set

       ESC Z			  Send VT100 Identification String

       ESC 7		     (V)  Save Cursor and Attributes

       ESC 8		     (V)  Restore Cursor and Attributes

       ESC [s		     (A)  Save Cursor and Attributes

       ESC [u		     (A)  Restore Cursor and Attributes

       ESC c			  Reset to Initial State

       ESC g			  Visual Bell

       ESC Pn p			  Cursor Visibility (97801)

	   Pn = 6		  Invisible

		7		  Visible

       ESC =		     (V)  Application Keypad Mode

       ESC >		     (V)  Numeric Keypad Mode

       ESC # 8		     (V)  Fill Screen with E's

       ESC \		     (A)  String Terminator

       ESC ^		     (A)  Privacy Message String (Message Line)

       ESC !			  Global Message String (Message Line)

       ESC k			  A.k.a. Definition String

       ESC P		     (A)  Device Control  String.   Outputs  a	string
				  directly to the host terminal without inter‐
				  pretation.

       ESC _		     (A)  Application Program Command (Hardstatus)

       ESC ] 0 ; string ^G   (A)  Operating System Command (Hardstatus,	 xterm
				  title hack)

       ESC ] 83 ; cmd ^G     (A)  Execute  screen  command. This only works if
				  multi-user support is compiled into  screen.
				  The  pseudo-user ":window:" is used to check
				  the access control list. Use	"addacl	 :win‐
				  dow:	-rwx  #?"  to  create  a  user with no
				  rights and allow only the needed commands.

       Control-N	     (A)  Lock Shift G1 (SO)

       Control-O	     (A)  Lock Shift G0 (SI)

       ESC n		     (A)  Lock Shift G2

       ESC o		     (A)  Lock Shift G3

       ESC N		     (A)  Single Shift G2

       ESC O		     (A)  Single Shift G3

       ESC ( Pcs	     (A)  Designate character set as G0

       ESC ) Pcs	     (A)  Designate character set as G1

       ESC * Pcs	     (A)  Designate character set as G2

       ESC + Pcs	     (A)  Designate character set as G3

       ESC [ Pn ; Pn H		  Direct Cursor Addressing

       ESC [ Pn ; Pn f		  same as above

       ESC [ Pn J		  Erase in Display

	     Pn = None or 0	  From Cursor to End of Screen

		  1		  From Beginning of Screen to Cursor

		  2		  Entire Screen

       ESC [ Pn K		  Erase in Line

	     Pn = None or 0	  From Cursor to End of Line

		  1		  From Beginning of Line to Cursor

		  2		  Entire Line

       ESC [ Pn X		  Erase character

       ESC [ Pn A		  Cursor Up

       ESC [ Pn B		  Cursor Down

       ESC [ Pn C		  Cursor Right

       ESC [ Pn D		  Cursor Left

       ESC [ Pn E		  Cursor next line

       ESC [ Pn F		  Cursor previous line

       ESC [ Pn G		  Cursor horizontal position

       ESC [ Pn `		  same as above

       ESC [ Pn d		  Cursor vertical position

       ESC [ Ps ;...; Ps m	  Select Graphic Rendition

	     Ps = None or 0	  Default Rendition

		  1		  Bold

		  2	     (A)  Faint

		  3	     (A)  Standout Mode (ANSI: Italicized)

		  4		  Underlined

		  5		  Blinking

		  7		  Negative Image

		  22	     (A)  Normal Intensity

		  23	     (A)  Standout Mode off (ANSI: Italicized off)

		  24	     (A)  Not Underlined

		  25	     (A)  Not Blinking

		  27	     (A)  Positive Image

		  30	     (A)  Foreground Black

		  31	     (A)  Foreground Red

		  32	     (A)  Foreground Green

		  33	     (A)  Foreground Yellow

		  34	     (A)  Foreground Blue

		  35	     (A)  Foreground Magenta

		  36	     (A)  Foreground Cyan

		  37	     (A)  Foreground White

		  39	     (A)  Foreground Default

		  40	     (A)  Background Black

		  ...

		  49	     (A)  Background Default

       ESC [ Pn g		  Tab Clear

	     Pn = None or 0	  Clear Tab at Current Position

		  3		  Clear All Tabs

       ESC [ Pn ; Pn r	     (V)  Set Scrolling Region

       ESC [ Pn I	     (A)  Horizontal Tab

       ESC [ Pn Z	     (A)  Backward Tab

       ESC [ Pn L	     (A)  Insert Line

       ESC [ Pn M	     (A)  Delete Line

       ESC [ Pn @	     (A)  Insert Character

       ESC [ Pn P	     (A)  Delete Character

       ESC [ Pn S		  Scroll Scrolling Region Up

       ESC [ Pn T		  Scroll Scrolling Region Down

       ESC [ Pn ^		  same as above

       ESC [ Ps ;...; Ps h	  Set Mode

       ESC [ Ps ;...; Ps l	  Reset Mode

	     Ps = 4	     (A)  Insert Mode

		  20	     (A)  Automatic Linefeed Mode

		  34		  Normal Cursor Visibility

		  ?1	     (V)  Application Cursor Keys

		  ?3	     (V)  Change Terminal Width to 132 columns

		  ?5	     (V)  Reverse Video

		  ?6	     (V)  Origin Mode

		  ?7	     (V)  Wrap Mode

		  ?9		  X10 mouse tracking

		  ?25	     (V)  Visible Cursor

		  ?47		  Alternate Screen (old xterm code)

		  ?1000	     (V)  VT200 mouse tracking

		  ?1047		  Alternate Screen (new xterm code)

		  ?1049		  Alternate Screen (new xterm code)

       ESC [ 5 i	     (A)  Start relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy)

       ESC [ 4 i	     (A)  Stop relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy)

       ESC [ 8 ; Ph ; Pw t	  Resize the window to	`Ph'  lines  and  `Pw'
				  columns (SunView special)

       ESC [ c			  Send VT100 Identification String

       ESC [ x			  Send Terminal Parameter Report

       ESC [ > c		  Send	 VT220	 Secondary  Device  Attributes
				  String

       ESC [ 6 n		  Send Cursor Position Report

INPUT TRANSLATION
       In order to do a full VT100 emulation  screen  has  to  detect  that  a
       sequence	 of characters in the input stream was generated by a keypress
       on the user's keyboard and insert  the  VT100  style  escape  sequence.
       Screen  has  a very flexible way of doing this by making it possible to
       map arbitrary commands on arbitrary sequences of characters. For	 stan‐
       dard  VT100  emulation  the  command will always insert a string in the
       input buffer of the window (see also command stuff in the  command  ta‐
       ble).  Because the sequences generated by a keypress can change after a
       reattach from a different terminal type, it is possible	to  bind  com‐
       mands  to the termcap name of the keys.	Screen will insert the correct
       binding after each  reattach.  See  the	bindkey	 command  for  further
       details on the syntax and examples.

       Here  is the table of the default key bindings. (A) means that the com‐
       mand is executed if the keyboard is switched into application mode.

       Key name		 Termcap name	 Command
       ______________________________________________________
       Cursor up	     ku		 stuff \033[A
					 stuff \033OA	 (A)
       Cursor down	     kd		 stuff \033[B
					 stuff \033OB	 (A)
       Cursor right	     kr		 stuff \033[C
					 stuff \033OC	 (A)
       Cursor left	     kl		 stuff \033[D
					 stuff \033OD	 (A)
       Function key 0	     k0		 stuff \033[10~
       Function key 1	     k1		 stuff \033OP
       Function key 2	     k2		 stuff \033OQ
       Function key 3	     k3		 stuff \033OR
       Function key 4	     k4		 stuff \033OS
       Function key 5	     k5		 stuff \033[15~
       Function key 6	     k6		 stuff \033[17~
       Function key 7	     k7		 stuff \033[18~
       Function key 8	     k8		 stuff \033[19~
       Function key 9	     k9		 stuff \033[20~
       Function key 10	     k;		 stuff \033[21~
       Function key 11	     F1		 stuff \033[23~
       Function key 12	     F2		 stuff \033[24~
       Home		     kh		 stuff \033[1~
       End		     kH		 stuff \033[4~
       Insert		     kI		 stuff \033[2~
       Delete		     kD		 stuff \033[3~
       Page up		     kP		 stuff \033[5~
       Page down	     kN		 stuff \033[6~
       Keypad 0		     f0		 stuff 0
					 stuff \033Op	 (A)
       Keypad 1		     f1		 stuff 1
					 stuff \033Oq	 (A)
       Keypad 2		     f2		 stuff 2
					 stuff \033Or	 (A)
       Keypad 3		     f3		 stuff 3
					 stuff \033Os	 (A)
       Keypad 4		     f4		 stuff 4
					 stuff \033Ot	 (A)
       Keypad 5		     f5		 stuff 5
					 stuff \033Ou	 (A)
       Keypad 6		     f6		 stuff 6
					 stuff \033Ov	 (A)
       Keypad 7		     f7		 stuff 7
					 stuff \033Ow	 (A)
       Keypad 8		     f8		 stuff 8
					 stuff \033Ox	 (A)
       Keypad 9		     f9		 stuff 9
					 stuff \033Oy	 (A)
       Keypad +		     f+		 stuff +
					 stuff \033Ok	 (A)
       Keypad -		     f-		 stuff -
					 stuff \033Om	 (A)
       Keypad *		     f*		 stuff *
					 stuff \033Oj	 (A)
       Keypad /		     f/		 stuff /
					 stuff \033Oo	 (A)
       Keypad =		     fq		 stuff =
					 stuff \033OX	 (A)
       Keypad .		     f.		 stuff .
					 stuff \033On	 (A)
       Keypad ,		     f,		 stuff ,
					 stuff \033Ol	 (A)
       Keypad enter	     fe		 stuff \015
					 stuff \033OM	 (A)

SPECIAL TERMINAL CAPABILITIES
       The following table describes all terminal capabilities that are recog‐
       nized  by  screen  and are not in the termcap(5) manual.	 You can place
       these capabilities in your termcap entries (in `/etc/termcap')  or  use
       them  with the commands `termcap', `terminfo' and `termcapinfo' in your
       screenrc files. It is often not possible to place these capabilities in
       the terminfo database.

       LP   (bool)  Terminal  has  VT100 style margins (`magic margins'). Note
		    that this capability is obsolete because screen  uses  the
		    standard 'xn' instead.

       Z0   (str)   Change width to 132 columns.

       Z1   (str)   Change width to 80 columns.

       WS   (str)   Resize  display. This capability has the desired width and
		    height as arguments. SunView(tm) example: '\E[8;%d;%dt'.

       NF   (bool)  Terminal doesn't need flow control. Send ^S and ^Q	direct
		    to	the  application.  Same as 'flow off'. The opposite of
		    this capability is 'nx'.

       G0   (bool)  Terminal can deal with ISO 2022 font selection sequences.

       S0   (str)   Switch charset 'G0' to the specified charset.  Default  is
		    '\E(%.'.

       E0   (str)   Switch  charset  'G0' back to standard charset. Default is
		    '\E(B'.

       C0   (str)   Use the string as a conversion table for font '0'. See the
		    'ac' capability for more details.

       CS   (str)   Switch cursor-keys to application mode.

       CE   (str)   Switch cursor-keys back to normal mode.

       AN   (bool)  Turn  on  autonuke.	 See  the  'autonuke' command for more
		    details.

       OL   (num)   Set the output buffer limit. See the  'obuflimit'  command
		    for more details.

       KJ   (str)   Set	 the encoding of the terminal. See the 'encoding' com‐
		    mand for valid encodings.

       AF   (str)   Change character foreground color in an ANSI conform  way.
		    This  capability  will  almost  always be set to '\E[3%dm'
		    ('\E[3%p1%dm' on terminfo machines).

       AB   (str)   Same as 'AF', but change background color.

       AX   (bool)  Does understand ANSI set default  fg/bg  color  (\E[39m  /
		    \E[49m).

       XC   (str)   Describe  a translation of characters to strings depending
		    on the current font. More details follow in the next  sec‐
		    tion.

       XT   (bool)  Terminal  understands  special xterm sequences (OSC, mouse
		    tracking).

       C8   (bool)  Terminal needs bold to display high-intensity colors (e.g.
		    Eterm).

       TF   (bool)  Add	 missing  capabilities to the termcap/info entry. (Set
		    by default).

CHARACTER TRANSLATION
       Screen has a powerful mechanism to translate  characters	 to  arbitrary
       strings depending on the current font and terminal type.	 Use this fea‐
       ture if you want to work with a	common	standard  character  set  (say
       ISO8851-latin1) even on terminals that scatter the more unusual charac‐
       ters over several national language font pages.

       Syntax:
	   XC=<charset-mapping>{,,<charset-mapping>}
	   <charset-mapping> := <designator><template>{,<mapping>}
	   <mapping> := <char-to-be-mapped><template-arg>

       The things in braces may be repeated any number of times.

       A <charset-mapping> tells screen how to map characters in font  <desig‐
       nator>  ('B':  Ascii,  'A':  UK,	 'K': german, etc.)  to strings. Every
       <mapping> describes to what string a single character  will  be	trans‐
       lated. A template mechanism is used, as most of the time the codes have
       a lot in common (for example strings to	switch	to  and	 from  another
       charset).  Each	occurrence  of '%' in <template> gets substituted with
       the <template-arg> specified  together  with  the  character.  If  your
       strings	are  not  similar at all, then use '%' as a template and place
       the full string in <template-arg>. A quoting  mechanism	was  added  to
       make  it	 possible to use a real '%'. The '\' character quotes the spe‐
       cial characters '\', '%', and ','.

       Here is an example:

	   termcap hp700 'XC=B\E(K%\E(B,\304[,\326\\\\,\334]'

       This tells screen how to translate ISOlatin1 (charset 'B')  upper  case
       umlaut characters on a hp700 terminal that has a german charset. '\304'
       gets translated to '\E(K[\E(B' and so on.  Note	that  this  line  gets
       parsed  *three* times before the internal lookup table is built, there‐
       fore a lot of quoting is needed to create a single '\'.

       Another extension was added to  allow  more  emulation:	If  a  mapping
       translates the unquoted '%' char, it will be sent to the terminal when‐
       ever screen switches to the corresponding <designator>. In this special
       case  the template is assumed to be just '%' because the charset switch
       sequence and the character mappings normally haven't much in common.

       This example shows one use of the extension:

	   termcap xterm 'XC=K%,%\E(B,[\304,\\\\\326,]\334'

       Here, a part of the german ('K') charset is emulated on an  xterm.   If
       screen  has  to	change	to the 'K' charset, '\E(B' will be sent to the
       terminal, i.e. the ASCII charset is used instead. The template is  just
       '%',  so	 the mapping is straightforward: '[' to '\304', '\' to '\326',
       and ']' to '\334'.

ENVIRONMENT
       COLUMNS	      Number of columns on  the	 terminal  (overrides  termcap
		      entry).
       HOME	      Directory in which to look for .screenrc.
       LINES	      Number  of  lines	 on  the  terminal  (overrides termcap
		      entry).
       LOCKPRG	      Screen lock program.
       NETHACKOPTIONS Turns on nethack option.
       PATH	      Used for locating programs to run.
       SCREENCAP      For customizing a terminal's TERMCAP value.
       SCREENDIR      Alternate socket directory.
       SCREENRC	      Alternate user screenrc file.
       SHELL	      Default  shell  program  for  opening  windows  (default
		      "/bin/sh").
       STY	      Alternate socket name.
       SYSSCREENRC    Alternate system screenrc file.
       TERM	      Terminal name.
       TERMCAP	      Terminal description.
       WINDOW	      Window number of a window (at creation time).

FILES
       .../screen-4.?.??/etc/screenrc
       .../screen-4.?.??/etc/etcscreenrc Examples  in  the screen distribution
					 package for private and  global  ini‐
					 tialization files.
       $SYSSCREENRC
       /usr/pkg/etc/screenrc		 screen initialization commands
       $SCREENRC
       $HOME/.screenrc			 Read in after /usr/pkg/etc/screenrc
       $SCREENDIR/S-<login>
       /tmp/screens/S-<login>		 Socket directories (default)
       /usr/tmp/screens/S-<login>	 Alternate socket directories.
       <socket directory>/.termcap	 Written by the "termcap" output func‐
					 tion
       /usr/tmp/screens/screen-exchange	 or
       /tmp/screen-exchange		 screen	 `interprocess	 communication
					 buffer'
       hardcopy.[0-9]			 Screen images created by the hardcopy
					 function
       screenlog.[0-9]			 Output log files created by  the  log
					 function
       /usr/lib/terminfo/?/*		 or
       /etc/termcap			 Terminal capability databases
       /etc/utmp			 Login records
       $LOCKPRG				 Program that locks a terminal.

SEE ALSO
       termcap(5), utmp(5), vi(1), captoinfo(1), tic(1)

AUTHORS
       Originally  created by Oliver Laumann, this latest version was produced
       by Wayne Davison, Juergen Weigert and Michael Schroeder.

COPYLEFT
       Copyright (C) 1993-2003
	    Juergen Weigert (jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de)
	    Michael Schroeder (mlschroe@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de)
       Copyright (C) 1987 Oliver Laumann
       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
       under  the  terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
       Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or  (at  your  option)  any
       later version.
       This  program  is  distributed  in the hope that it will be useful, but
       WITHOUT ANY  WARRANTY;  without	even  the  implied  warranty  of  MER‐
       CHANTABILITY  or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General
       Public License for more details.
       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
       with  this  program  (see  the file COPYING); if not, write to the Free
       Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place  -  Suite  330,  Boston,  MA
       02111-1307, USA

CONTRIBUTORS
       Ken Beal (kbeal@amber.ssd.csd.harris.com),
       Rudolf Koenig (rfkoenig@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de),
       Toerless Eckert (eckert@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de),
       Wayne Davison (davison@borland.com),
       Patrick Wolfe (pat@kai.com, kailand!pat),
       Bart Schaefer (schaefer@cse.ogi.edu),
       Nathan Glasser (nathan@brokaw.lcs.mit.edu),
       Larry W. Virden (lvirden@cas.org),
       Howard Chu (hyc@hanauma.jpl.nasa.gov),
       Tim MacKenzie (tym@dibbler.cs.monash.edu.au),
       Markku Jarvinen (mta@{cc,cs,ee}.tut.fi),
       Marc Boucher (marc@CAM.ORG),
       Doug Siebert (dsiebert@isca.uiowa.edu),
       Ken Stillson (stillson@tsfsrv.mitre.org),
       Ian Frechett (frechett@spot.Colorado.EDU),
       Brian Koehmstedt (bpk@gnu.ai.mit.edu),
       Don Smith (djs6015@ultb.isc.rit.edu),
       Frank van der Linden (vdlinden@fwi.uva.nl),
       Martin Schweikert (schweik@cpp.ob.open.de),
       David Vrona (dave@sashimi.lcu.com),
       E. Tye McQueen (tye%spillman.UUCP@uunet.uu.net),
       Matthew Green (mrg@eterna.com.au),
       Christopher Williams (cgw@pobox.com),
       Matt Mosley (mattm@access.digex.net),
       Gregory Neil Shapiro (gshapiro@wpi.WPI.EDU),
       Johannes Zellner (johannes@zellner.org),
       Pablo Averbuj (pablo@averbuj.com).

VERSION
       This is version 4.0.2. Its roots are a merge of a custom version 2.3PR7
       by Wayne Davison and several enhancements to Oliver  Laumann's  version
       2.0.  Note  that all versions numbered 2.x are copyright by Oliver Lau‐
       mann.

AVAILABILITY
       The latest official release of screen available via anonymous ftp  from
       gnudist.gnu.org,	 nic.funet.fi  or any other GNU distribution site. The
       home site of screen is ftp.uni-erlangen.de, in the directory pub/utili‐
       ties/screen.  The subdirectory `private' contains the latest beta test‐
       ing release. If you want to help,  send	a  note	 to  screen@uni-erlan‐
       gen.de.

BUGS
       ·  `dm'	(delete	 mode)	and  `xs'  are not handled correctly (they are
	  ignored). `xn' is treated as a magic-margin indicator.

       ·  Screen has no clue about double-high or double-wide characters.  But
	  this is the only area where vttest is allowed to fail.

       ·  It  is not possible to change the environment variable $TERMCAP when
	  reattaching under a different terminal type.

       ·  The support of terminfo based systems is very limited. Adding	 extra
	  capabilities to $TERMCAP may not have any effects.

       ·  Screen does not make use of hardware tabs.

       ·  Screen  must be installed as set-uid with owner root on most systems
	  in order to be able to correctly change the owner of the tty	device
	  file	for  each  window.  Special permission may also be required to
	  write the file "/etc/utmp".

       ·  Entries in "/etc/utmp" are not removed when screen  is  killed  with
	  SIGKILL.   This  will	 cause	some  programs (like "w" or "rwho") to
	  advertise that a user is logged on who really isn't.

       ·  Screen may give a strange warning when your tty has no utmp entry.

       ·  When the modem line was hung up, screen may not automatically detach
	  (or  quit)  unless  the device driver is configured to send a HANGUP
	  signal.  To detach a screen session use the -D or  -d	 command  line
	  option.

       ·  If  a	 password  is  set,  the  command line options -d and -D still
	  detach a session without asking.

       ·  Both "breaktype" and	"defbreaktype"	change	the  break  generating
	  method  used by all terminal devices. The first should change a win‐
	  dow specific setting,	 where	the  latter  should  change  only  the
	  default for new windows.

       ·  When	attaching to a multiuser session, the user's .screenrc file is
	  not sourced. Each user's personal settings have to  be  included  in
	  the  .screenrc  file from which the session is booted, or have to be
	  changed manually.

       ·  A weird imagination is most useful to gain full advantage of all the
	  features.

       ·  Send bug-reports, fixes, enhancements, t-shirts, money, beer & pizza
	  to screen@uni-erlangen.de.

4th Berkeley Distribution	   Aug 2003			     SCREEN(1)
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