STAB(8) Linux STAB(8)NAMEtc-stab - Generic size table manipulations
SYNOPSIS
tc qdisc add ... stab \
[ mtu BYTES ] [ tsize SLOTS ] \
[ mpu BYTES ] [ overhead BYTES ] [ linklayer TYPE ] ...
TYPE := adsl | atm | ethernet
For the description of BYTES - please refer to the UNITS section of
tc(8).
mtu
maximum packet size we create size table for, assumed 2048 if not
specified explicitly
tsize
required table size, assumed 512 if not specified explicitly
mpu
minimum packet size used in computations
overhead
per-packet size overhead (can be negative) used in computations
linklayer
required linklayer adaptation.
DESCRIPTION
Size tables allow manipulation of packet size, as seen by whole sched‐
uler framework (of course, the actual packet size remains the same).
Adjusted packet size is calculated only once - when a qdisc enqueues
the packet. Initial root enqueue initializes it to the real packet's
size.
Each qdisc can use different size table, but the adjusted size is
stored in area shared by whole qdisc hierarchy attached to the inter‐
face. The effect is, that if you have such setup, the last qdisc with a
stab in a chain "wins". For example, consider HFSC with simple pfifo
attached to one of its leaf classes. If that pfifo qdisc has stab
defined, it will override lengths calculated during HFSC's enqueue, and
in turn, whenever HFSC tries to dequeue a packet, it will use poten‐
tially invalid size in its calculations. Normal setups will usually
include stab defined only on root qdisc, but further overriding gives
extra flexibility for less usual setups.
Initial size table is calculated by tc tool using mtu and tsize parame‐
ters. The algorithm sets each slot's size to the smallest power of 2
value, so the whole mtu is covered by the size table. Neither tsize,
nor mtu have to be power of 2 value, so the size table will usually
support more than is required by mtu.
For example, with mtu = 1500 and tsize = 128, a table with 128 slots
will be created, where slot 0 will correspond to sizes 0-16, slot 1 to
17 - 32, ..., slot 127 to 2033 - 2048. Sizes assigned to each slot
depend on linklayer parameter.
Stab calculation is also safe for an unusual case, when a size assigned
to a slot would be larger than 2^16-1 (you will lose the accuracy
though).
During kernel part of packet size adjustment, overhead will be added to
original size, and then slot will be calculated. If the size would
cause overflow, more than 1 slot will be used to get the final size. It
of course will affect accuracy, but it's only a guard against unusual
situations.
Currently there're two methods of creating values stored in the size
table - ethernet and atm (adsl):
ethernet
This is basically 1-1 mapping, so following our example from above
(disregarding mpu for a moment) slot 0 would have 8, slot 1 would
have 16 and so on, up to slot 127 with 2048. Note, that mpu > 0
must be specified, and slots that would get less than specified by
mpu, will get mpu instead. If you don't specify mpu, the size table
will not be created at all (it wouldn't make any difference),
although any overhead value will be respected during calculations.
atm, adsl
ATM linklayer consists of 53 byte cells, where each of them pro‐
vides 48 bytes for payload. Also all the cells must be fully uti‐
lized, thus the last one is padded if/as necessary.
When size table is calculated, adjusted size that fits properly
into lowest amount of cells is assigned to a slot. For example, a
100 byte long packet requires three 48-byte payloads, so the final
size would require 3 ATM cells - 159 bytes.
For ATM size tables, 16 bytes sized slots are perfectly enough. The
default values of mtu and tsize create 4 bytes sized slots.
TYPICAL OVERHEADS
The following values are typical for different adsl scenarios (based on
[1] and [2]):
LLC based:
PPPoA - 14 (PPP - 2, ATM - 12)
PPPoE - 40+ (PPPoE - 8, ATM - 18, ethernet 14, possibly FCS - 4+padding)
Bridged - 32 (ATM - 18, ethernet 14, possibly FCS - 4+padding)
IPoA - 16 (ATM - 16)
VC Mux based:
PPPoA - 10 (PPP - 2, ATM - 8)
PPPoE - 32+ (PPPoE - 8, ATM - 10, ethernet 14, possibly FCS - 4+padding)
Bridged - 24+ (ATM - 10, ethernet 14, possibly FCS - 4+padding)
IPoA - 8 (ATM - 8)
There're few important things regarding the above overheads:
· IPoA in LLC case requires SNAP, instead of LLC-NLPID (see rfc2684)
- this is the reason, why it actually takes more space than PPPoA.
· In rare cases, FCS might be preserved on protocols that include
ethernet frame (Bridged and PPPoE). In such situation, any ethernet
specific padding guaranteeing 64 bytes long frame size has to be
included as well (see rfc2684). In the other words, it also guar‐
antees that any packet you send will take minimum 2 atm cells. You
should set mpu accordingly for that.
· When size table is consulted, and you're shaping traffic for the
sake of another modem/router, ethernet header (without padding)
will already be added to initial packet's length. You should com‐
pensate for that by subtracting 14 from the above overheads in such
case. If you're shaping directly on the router (for example, with
speedtouch usb modem) using ppp daemon, you're using raw ip inter‐
face without underlying layer2, so nothing will be added.
For more thorough explanations, please see [1] and [2].
ETHERNET CARDS CONSIDERATIONS
It's often forgotten, that modern network cards (even cheap ones on
desktop motherboards) and/or their drivers often support different
offloading mechanisms. In context of traffic shaping, 'tso' and 'gso'
might cause undesirable effects, due to massive tcp segments being con‐
sidered during traffic shaping (including stab calculations). For slow
uplink interfaces, it's good to use ethtool to turn off offloading fea‐
tures.
SEE ALSOtc(8), tc-hfsc(7), tc-hfsc(8),
[1] http://ace-host.stuart.id.au/russell/files/tc/tc-atm/
[2] http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2684.html
Please direct bugreports and patches to: <net...@vger.kernel.org>
AUTHOR
Manpage created by Michal Soltys (sol...@ziu.info)
iproute2 31 October 2011 STAB(8)