DBD::Mock(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation DBD::Mock(3)NAMEDBD::Mock - Mock database driver for testing
SYNOPSIS
use DBI;
# connect to your as normal, using 'Mock' as your driver name
my $dbh = DBI->connect( 'DBI:Mock:', '', '' )
|| die "Cannot create handle: $DBI::errstr\n";
# create a statement handle as normal and execute with parameters
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( 'SELECT this, that FROM foo WHERE id = ?' );
$sth->execute( 15 );
# Now query the statement handle as to what has been done with it
my $mock_params = $sth->{mock_params};
print "Used statement: ", $sth->{mock_statement}, "\n",
"Bound parameters: ", join( ', ', @{ $params } ), "\n";
DESCRIPTION
Testing with databases can be tricky. If you are developing a system
married to a single database then you can make some assumptions about
your environment and ask the user to provide relevant connection
information. But if you need to test a framework that uses DBI,
particularly a framework that uses different types of persistence
schemes, then it may be more useful to simply verify what the framework
is trying to do -- ensure the right SQL is generated and that the
correct parameters are bound. "DBD::Mock" makes it easy to just modify
your configuration (presumably held outside your code) and just use it
instead of "DBD::Foo" (like DBD::Pg or DBD::mysql) in your framework.
There is no distinct area where using this module makes sense. (Some
people may successfully argue that this is a solution looking for a
problem...) Indeed, if you can assume your users have something like
DBD::AnyData or DBD::SQLite or if you do not mind creating a dependency
on them then it makes far more sense to use these legitimate driver
implementations and test your application in the real world -- at least
as much of the real world as you can create in your tests...
And if your database handle exists as a package variable or something
else easily replaced at test-time then it may make more sense to use
Test::MockObject to create a fully dynamic handle. There is an
excellent article by chromatic about using Test::MockObject in this and
other ways, strongly recommended. (See "SEE ALSO" for a link)
How does it work?
"DBD::Mock" comprises a set of classes used by DBI to implement a
database driver. But instead of connecting to a datasource and
manipulating data found there it tracks all the calls made to the
database handle and any created statement handles. You can then inspect
them to ensure what you wanted to happen actually happened. For
instance, say you have a configuration file with your database
connection information:
[DBI]
dsn = DBI:Pg:dbname=myapp
user = foo
password = bar
And this file is read in at process startup and the handle stored for
other procedures to use:
package ObjectDirectory;
my ( $DBH );
sub run_at_startup {
my ( $class, $config ) = @_;
$config ||= read_configuration( ... );
my $dsn = $config->{DBI}{dsn};
my $user = $config->{DBI}{user};
my $pass = $config->{DBI}{password};
$DBH = DBI->connect( $dsn, $user, $pass ) || die ...;
}
sub get_database_handle {
return $DBH;
}
A procedure might use it like this (ignoring any error handling for the
moment):
package My::UserActions;
sub fetch_user {
my ( $class, $login ) = @_;
my $dbh = ObjectDirectory->get_database_handle;
my $sql = q{
SELECT login_name, first_name, last_name, creation_date, num_logins
FROM users
WHERE login_name = ?
};
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql );
$sth->execute( $login );
my $row = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref;
return ( $row ) ? User->new( $row ) : undef;
}
So for the purposes of our tests we just want to ensure that:
1. The right SQL is being executed
2. The right parameters are bound
Assume whether the SQL actually works or not is irrelevant for this
test :-)
To do that our test might look like:
my $config = ObjectDirectory->read_configuration( ... );
$config->{DBI}{dsn} = 'DBI:Mock:';
ObjectDirectory->run_at_startup( $config );
my $login_name = 'foobar';
my $user = My::UserActions->fetch_user( $login_name );
# Get the handle from ObjectDirectory;
# this is the same handle used in the
# 'fetch_user()' procedure above
my $dbh = ObjectDirectory->get_database_handle();
# Ask the database handle for the history
# of all statements executed against it
my $history = $dbh->{mock_all_history};
# Now query that history record to
# see if our expectations match reality
is(scalar(@{$history}), 1, 'Correct number of statements executed' ;
my $login_st = $history->[0];
like($login_st->statement,
qr/SELECT login_name.*FROM users WHERE login_name = ?/sm,
'Correct statement generated' );
my $params = $login_st->bound_params;
is(scalar(@{$params}), 1, 'Correct number of parameters bound');
is($params->[0], $login_name, 'Correct value for parameter 1' );
# Reset the handle for future operations
$dbh->{mock_clear_history} = 1;
The list of properties and what they return is listed below. But in an
overall view:
· A database handle contains the history of all statements created
against it. Other properties set for the handle (e.g.,
'PrintError', 'RaiseError') are left alone and can be queried as
normal, but they do not affect anything. (A future feature may
track the sequence/history of these assignments but if there is no
demand it probably will not get implemented.)
· A statement handle contains the statement it was prepared with plus
all bound parameters or parameters passed via "execute()". It can
also contain predefined results for the statement handle to
'fetch', track how many fetches were called and what its current
record is.
A Word of Warning
This may be an incredibly naive implementation of a DBD. But it works
for me ...
DBD::Mock
Since this is a normal DBI statement handle we need to expose our
tracking information as properties (accessed like a hash) rather than
methods.
Database Driver Properties
mock_connect_fail
This is a boolean property which when set to true (1) will not
allow DBI to connect. This can be used to simulate a DSN error or
authentication failure. This can then be set back to false (0) to
resume normal DBI operations. Here is an example of how this works:
# install the DBD::Mock driver
my $drh = DBI->install_driver('Mock');
$drh->{mock_connect_fail} = 1;
# this connection will fail
my $dbh = DBI->connect('dbi:Mock:', '', '') || die "Cannot connect";
# this connection will throw an exception
my $dbh = DBI->connect('dbi:Mock:', '', '', { RaiseError => 1 });
$drh->{mock_connect_fail} = 0;
# this will work now ...
my $dbh = DBI->connect(...);
This feature is conceptually different from the 'mock_can_connect'
attribute of the $dbh in that it has a driver-wide scope, where
'mock_can_connect' is handle-wide scope. It also only prevents the
initial connection, any $dbh handles created prior to setting
'mock_connect_fail' to true (1) will still go on working just fine.
mock_data_sources
This is an ARRAY reference which holds fake data sources which are
returned by the Driver and Database Handle's "data_source()"
method.
mock_add_data_sources
This takes a string and adds it to the 'mock_data_sources'
attribute.
Database Handle Properties
mock_all_history
Returns an array reference with all history (a.k.a.
"DBD::Mock::StatementTrack") objects created against the database
handle in the order they were created. Each history object can then
report information about the SQL statement used to create it, the
bound parameters, etc..
mock_all_history_iterator
Returns a "DBD::Mock::StatementTrack::Iterator" object which will
iterate through the current set of "DBD::Mock::StatementTrack"
object in the history. See the DBD::Mock::StatementTrack::Iterator
documentation below for more information.
mock_clear_history
If set to a true value all previous statement history operations
will be erased. This includes the history of currently open
handles, so if you do something like:
my $dbh = get_handle( ... );
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( ... );
$dbh->{mock_clear_history} = 1;
$sth->execute( 'Foo' );
You will have no way to learn from the database handle that the
statement parameter 'Foo' was bound.
This is useful mainly to ensure you can isolate the statement
histories from each other. A typical sequence will look like:
set handle to framework
perform operations
analyze mock database handle
reset mock database handle history
perform more operations
analyze mock database handle
reset mock database handle history
...
mock_can_connect
This statement allows you to simulate a downed database connection.
This is useful in testing how your application/tests will perform
in the face of some kind of catastrophic event such as a network
outage or database server failure. It is a simple boolean value
which defaults to on, and can be set like this:
# turn the database off
$dbh->{mock_can_connect} = 0;
# turn it back on again
$dbh->{mock_can_connect} = 1;
The statement handle checks this value as well, so something like
this will fail in the expected way:
$dbh = DBI->connect( 'DBI:Mock:', '', '' );
$dbh->{mock_can_connect} = 0;
# blows up!
my $sth = eval { $dbh->prepare( 'SELECT foo FROM bar' ) });
if ( $@ ) {
# Here, $DBI::errstr = 'No connection present'
}
Turning off the database after a statement prepare will fail on the
statement "execute()", which is hopefully what you would expect:
$dbh = DBI->connect( 'DBI:Mock:', '', '' );
# ok!
my $sth = eval { $dbh->prepare( 'SELECT foo FROM bar' ) });
$dbh->{mock_can_connect} = 0;
# blows up!
$sth->execute;
Similarly:
$dbh = DBI->connect( 'DBI:Mock:', '', '' );
# ok!
my $sth = eval { $dbh->prepare( 'SELECT foo FROM bar' ) });
# ok!
$sth->execute;
$dbh->{mock_can_connect} = 0;
# blows up!
my $row = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref;
Note: The handle attribute "Active" and the handle method "ping"
will behave according to the value of "mock_can_connect". So if
"mock_can_connect" were to be set to 0 (or off), then both "Active"
and "ping" would return false values (or 0).
mock_add_resultset( \@resultset | \%sql_and_resultset )
This stocks the database handle with a record set, allowing you to
seed data for your application to see if it works properly.. Each
recordset is a simple arrayref of arrays with the first arrayref
being the fieldnames used. Every time a statement handle is created
it asks the database handle if it has any resultsets available and
if so uses it.
Here is a sample usage, partially from the test suite:
my @user_results = (
[ 'login', 'first_name', 'last_name' ],
[ 'cwinters', 'Chris', 'Winters' ],
[ 'bflay', 'Bobby', 'Flay' ],
[ 'alincoln', 'Abe', 'Lincoln' ],
);
my @generic_results = (
[ 'foo', 'bar' ],
[ 'this_one', 'that_one' ],
[ 'this_two', 'that_two' ],
);
my $dbh = DBI->connect( 'DBI:Mock:', '', '' );
$dbh->{mock_add_resultset} = \@user_results; # add first resultset
$dbh->{mock_add_resultset} = \@generic_results; # add second resultset
my ( $sth );
eval {
$sth = $dbh->prepare( 'SELECT login, first_name, last_name FROM foo' );
$sth->execute();
};
# this will fetch rows from the first resultset...
my $row1 = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref;
my $user1 = User->new( login => $row->[0],
first => $row->[1],
last => $row->[2] );
is( $user1->full_name, 'Chris Winters' );
my $row2 = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref;
my $user2 = User->new( login => $row->[0],
first => $row->[1],
last => $row->[2] );
is( $user2->full_name, 'Bobby Flay' );
...
my $sth_generic = $dbh->prepare( 'SELECT foo, bar FROM baz' );
$sth_generic->execute;
# this will fetch rows from the second resultset...
my $row = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref;
You can also associate a resultset with a particular SQL statement
instead of adding them in the order they will be fetched:
$dbh->{mock_add_resultset} = {
sql => 'SELECT foo, bar FROM baz',
results => [
[ 'foo', 'bar' ],
[ 'this_one', 'that_one' ],
[ 'this_two', 'that_two' ],
],
};
This will return the given results when the statement 'SELECT foo,
bar FROM baz' is prepared. Note that they will be returned every
time the statement is prepared, not just the first. It should also
be noted that if you want, for some reason, to change the result
set bound to a particular SQL statement, all you need to do is add
the result set again with the same SQL statement and DBD::Mock will
overwrite it.
It should also be noted that the "rows" method will return the
number of records stocked in the result set. So if your
code/application makes use of the "$sth->rows" method for things
like UPDATE and DELETE calls you should stock the result set like
so:
$dbh->{mock_add_resultset} = {
sql => 'UPDATE foo SET baz = 1, bar = 2',
# this will appear to have updated 3 rows
results => [[ 'rows' ], [], [], []],
};
# or ...
$dbh->{mock_add_resultset} = {
sql => 'DELETE FROM foo WHERE bar = 2',
# this will appear to have deleted 1 row
results => [[ 'rows' ], []],
};
Now I admit this is not the most elegant way to go about this, but
it works for me for now, and until I can come up with a better
method, or someone sends me a patch ;) it will do for now.
If you want a given statement to fail, you will have to use the
hashref method and add a 'failure' key. That key can be handed an
arrayref with the error number and error string, in that order. It
can also be handed a hashref with two keys - errornum and
errorstring. If the 'failure' key has no useful value associated
with it, the errornum will be '1' and the errorstring will be
'Unknown error'.
mock_get_info
This attribute can be used to set up values for get_info(). It
takes a hashref of attribute_name/value pairs. See DBI for more
information on the information types and their meaning.
mock_session
This attribute can be used to set a current DBD::Mock::Session
object. For more information on this, see the DBD::Mock::Session
docs below. This attribute can also be used to remove the current
session from the $dbh simply by setting it to "undef".
mock_last_insert_id
This attribute is incremented each time an INSERT statement is
passed to "prepare" on a per-handle basis. It's starting value can
be set with the 'mock_start_insert_id' attribute (see below).
$dbh->{mock_start_insert_id} = 10;
my $sth = $dbh->prepare('INSERT INTO Foo (foo, bar) VALUES(?, ?)');
$sth->execute(1, 2);
# $dbh->{mock_last_insert_id} == 10
$sth->execute(3, 4);
# $dbh->{mock_last_insert_id} == 11
For more examples, please refer to the test file
t/025_mock_last_insert_id.t.
mock_start_insert_id
This attribute can be used to set a start value for the
'mock_last_insert_id' attribute. It can also be used to effectively
reset the 'mock_last_insert_id' attribute as well.
This attribute also can be used with an ARRAY ref parameter, it's
behavior is slightly different in that instead of incrementing the
value for every "prepare" it will only increment for each
"execute". This allows it to be used over multiple "execute" calls
in a single $sth. It's usage looks like this:
$dbh->{mock_start_insert_id} = [ 'Foo', 10 ];
$dbh->{mock_start_insert_id} = [ 'Baz', 20 ];
my $sth1 = $dbh->prepare('INSERT INTO Foo (foo, bar) VALUES(?, ?)');
my $sth2 = $dbh->prepare('INSERT INTO Baz (baz, buz) VALUES(?, ?)');
$sth1->execute(1, 2);
# $dbh->{mock_last_insert_id} == 10
$sth2->execute(3, 4);
# $dbh->{mock_last_insert_id} == 20
Note that DBD::Mock's matching of table names in 'INSERT'
statements is fairly simple, so if your table names are quoted in
the insert statement ("INSERT INTO "Foo"") then you need to quote
the name for "mock_start_insert_id":
$dbh->{mock_start_insert_id} = [ q{"Foo"}, 10 ];
mock_add_parser
DBI provides some simple parsing capabilities for 'SELECT'
statements to ensure that placeholders are bound properly. And
typically you may simply want to check after the fact that a
statement is syntactically correct, or at least what you expect.
But other times you may want to parse the statement as it is
prepared rather than after the fact. There is a hook in this mock
database driver for you to provide your own parsing routine or
object.
The syntax is simple:
$dbh->{mock_add_parser} = sub {
my ( $sql ) = @_;
unless ( $sql =~ /some regex/ ) {
die "does not contain secret fieldname";
}
};
You can also add more than one for a handle. They will be called in
order, and the first one to fail will halt the parsing process:
$dbh->{mock_add_parser} = \&parse_update_sql;
$dbh->{mock_add-parser} = \&parse_insert_sql;
Depending on the 'PrintError' and 'RaiseError' settings in the
database handle any parsing errors encountered will issue a "warn"
or "die". No matter what the statement handle will be "undef".
Instead of providing a subroutine reference you can use an object.
The only requirement is that it implements the method "parse()" and
takes a SQL statement as the only argument. So you should be able
to do something like the following (untested):
my $parser = SQL::Parser->new( 'mysql', { RaiseError => 1 } );
$dbh->{mock_add_parser} = $parser;
mock_data_sources & mock_add_data_sources
These properties will dispatch to the Driver's properties of the
same name.
Database Driver Methods
last_insert_id
This returns the value of "mock_last_insert_id".
In order to capture begin_work(), commit(), and rollback(), DBD::Mock
will create statements for them, as if you had issued them in the
appropriate SQL command line program. They will go through the standard
prepare()-execute() cycle, meaning that any custom SQL parsers will be
triggered and DBD::Mock::Session will need to know about these
statements.
begin_work
This will create a statement with SQL of "BEGIN WORK" and no
parameters.
commit
This will create a statement with SQL of "COMMIT" and no
parameters.
rollback
This will create a statement with SQL of "ROLLBACK" and no
parameters.
Statement Handle Properties
Active
Returns true if the handle is a 'SELECT' and has more records to
fetch, false otherwise. (From the DBI.)
mock_statement
The SQL statement this statement handle was "prepare"d with. So if
the handle were created with:
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( 'SELECT * FROM foo' );
This would return:
SELECT * FROM foo
The original statement is unmodified so if you are checking against
it in tests you may want to use a regex rather than a straight
equality check. (However if you use a phrasebook to store your SQL
externally you are a step ahead...)
mock_fields
Fields used by the statement. As said elsewhere we do no analysis
or parsing to find these, you need to define them beforehand. That
said, you do not actually need this very often.
Note that this returns the same thing as the normal statement
property 'FIELD'.
mock_params
Returns an arrayref of parameters bound to this statement in the
order specified by the bind type. For instance, if you created and
stocked a handle with:
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE id = ? AND is_active = ?' );
$sth->bind_param( 2, 'yes' );
$sth->bind_param( 1, 7783 );
This would return:
[ 7738, 'yes' ]
The same result will occur if you pass the parameters via
"execute()" instead:
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE id = ? AND is_active = ?' );
$sth->execute( 7783, 'yes' );
mock_records
An arrayref of arrayrefs representing the records the mock
statement was stocked with.
mock_num_records
Number of records the mock statement was stocked with; if never
stocked it is still 0. (Some weirdos might expect undef...)
mock_num_rows
This returns the same value as mock_num_records. And is what is
returned by the "rows" method of the statement handle.
mock_current_record_num
Current record the statement is on; returns 0 in the instances when
you have not yet called "execute()" and if you have not yet called
a "fetch" method after the execute.
mock_is_executed
Whether "execute()" has been called against the statement handle.
Returns 'yes' if so, 'no' if not.
mock_is_finished
Whether "finish()" has been called against the statement handle.
Returns 'yes' if so, 'no' if not.
mock_is_depleted
Returns 'yes' if all the records in the recordset have been
returned. If no "fetch()" was executed against the statement, or If
no return data was set this will return 'no'.
mock_my_history
Returns a "DBD::Mock::StatementTrack" object which tracks the
actions performed by this statement handle. Most of the actions are
separately available from the properties listed above, so you
should never need this.
DBD::Mock::Pool
This module can be used to emulate Apache::DBI style DBI connection
pooling. Just as with Apache::DBI, you must enable DBD::Mock::Pool
before loading DBI.
use DBD::Mockqw(Pool);
# followed by ...
use DBI;
While this may not seem to make a lot of sense in a single-process
testing scenario, it can be useful when testing code which assumes a
multi-process Apache::DBI pooled environment.
DBD::Mock::StatementTrack
Under the hood this module does most of the work with a
"DBD::Mock::StatementTrack" object. This is most useful when you are
reviewing multiple statements at a time, otherwise you might want to
use the "mock_*" statement handle attributes instead.
new( %params )
Takes the following parameters:
· return_data: Arrayref of return data records
· fields: Arrayref of field names
· bound_params: Arrayref of bound parameters
statement (Statement attribute 'mock_statement')
Gets/sets the SQL statement used.
fields (Statement attribute 'mock_fields')
Gets/sets the fields to use for this statement.
bound_params (Statement attribute 'mock_params')
Gets/set the bound parameters to use for this statement.
return_data (Statement attribute 'mock_records')
Gets/sets the data to return when asked (that is, when someone
calls 'fetch' on the statement handle).
current_record_num (Statement attribute 'mock_current_record_num')
Gets/sets the current record number.
is_active() (Statement attribute 'Active')
Returns true if the statement is a SELECT and has more records to
fetch, false otherwise. (This is from the DBI, see the 'Active'
docs under 'ATTRIBUTES COMMON TO ALL HANDLES'.)
is_executed( $yes_or_no ) (Statement attribute 'mock_is_executed')
Sets the state of the tracker 'executed' flag.
is_finished( $yes_or_no ) (Statement attribute 'mock_is_finished')
If set to 'yes' tells the tracker that the statement is finished.
This resets the current record number to '0' and clears out the
array ref of returned records.
is_depleted() (Statement attribute 'mock_is_depleted')
Returns true if the current record number is greater than the
number of records set to return.
num_fields
Returns the number of fields set in the 'fields' parameter.
num_rows
Returns the number of records in the current result set.
num_params
Returns the number of parameters set in the 'bound_params'
parameter.
bound_param( $param_num, $value )
Sets bound parameter $param_num to $value. Returns the arrayref of
currently-set bound parameters. This corresponds to the
'bind_param' statement handle call.
bound_param_trailing( @params )
Pushes @params onto the list of already-set bound parameters.
mark_executed()
Tells the tracker that the statement has been executed and resets
the current record number to '0'.
next_record()
If the statement has been depleted (all records returned) returns
undef; otherwise it gets the current recordfor returning,
increments the current record number and returns the current
record.
to_string()
Tries to give an decent depiction of the object state for use in
debugging.
DBD::Mock::StatementTrack::Iterator
This object can be used to iterate through the current set of
"DBD::Mock::StatementTrack" objects in the history by fetching the
'mock_all_history_iterator' attribute from a database handle. This
object is very simple and is meant to be a convience to make writing
long test script easier. Aside from the constructor ("new") this object
has only one method.
next
Calling "next" will return the next "DBD::Mock::StatementTrack"
object in the history. If there are no more
"DBD::Mock::StatementTrack" objects available, then this method
will return false.
reset
This will reset the internal pointer to the begining of the
statement history.
DBD::Mock::Session
The DBD::Mock::Session object is an alternate means of specifying the
SQL statements and result sets for DBD::Mock. The idea is that you can
specify a complete 'session' of usage, which will be verified through
DBD::Mock. Here is an example:
my $session = DBD::Mock::Session->new('my_session' => (
{
statement => "SELECT foo FROM bar", # as a string
results => [[ 'foo' ], [ 'baz' ]]
},
{
statement => qr/UPDATE bar SET foo \= \'bar\'/, # as a reg-exp
results => [[]]
},
{
statement => sub { # as a CODE ref
my ($SQL, $state) = @_;
return $SQL eq "SELECT foo FROM bar";
},
results => [[ 'foo' ], [ 'bar' ]]
},
{
# with bound parameters
statement => "SELECT foo FROM bar WHERE baz = ? AND borg = ?",
# check exact bound param value,
# then check it against regexp
bound_params => [ 10, qr/\d+/ ],
results => [[ 'foo' ], [ 'baz' ]]
}
));
As you can see, a session is essentially made up a list of HASH
references we call 'states'. Each state has a 'statement' and a set of
'results'. If DBD::Mock finds a session in the 'mock_session'
attribute, then it will pass the current $dbh and SQL statement to that
DBD::Mock::Session. The SQL statement will be checked against the
'statement' field in the current state. If it passes, then the
'results' of the current state will get feed to DBD::Mock through the
'mock_add_resultset' attribute. We then advance to the next state in
the session, and wait for the next call through DBD::Mock. If at any
time the SQL statement does not match the current state's 'statement',
or the session runs out of available states, an error will be raised
(and propagated through the normal DBI error handling based on your
values for RaiseError and PrintError).
Also, as can be seen in the the session element, bound parameters can
also be supplied and tested. In this statement, the SQL is compared,
then when the statement is executed, the bound parameters are also
checked. The bound parameters much match in both number of parameters
and the parameters themselves, or an error will be raised.
As can also be seen in the example above, 'statement' fields can come
in many forms. The simplest is a string, which will be compared using
"eq" against the currently running statement. The next is a reg-exp
reference, this too will get compared against the currently running
statement. The last option is a CODE ref, this is sort of a catch-all
to allow for a wide range of SQL comparison approaches (including using
modules like SQL::Statement or SQL::Parser for detailed functional
comparisons). The first argument to the CODE ref will be the currently
active SQL statement to compare against, the second argument is a
reference to the current state HASH (in case you need to alter the
results, or store extra information). The CODE is evaluated in boolean
context and throws and exception if it is false.
new ($session_name, @session_states)
A $session_name can be optionally be specified, along with at least
one @session_states. If you don't specify a $session_name, then a
default one will be created for you. The @session_states must all
be HASH references as well, if this conditions fail, an exception
will be thrown.
verify_statement ($dbh, $SQL)
This will check the $SQL against the current state's 'statement'
value, and if it passes will add the current state's 'results' to
the $dbh. If for some reason the 'statement' value is bad, not of
the prescribed type, an exception is thrown. See above for more
details.
verify_bound_params ($dbh, $params)
If the 'bound_params' slot is available in the current state, this
will check the $params against the current state's 'bound_params'
value. Both number of parameters and the parameters themselves must
match, or an error will be raised.
reset
Calling this method will reset the state of the session object so
that it can be reused.
EXPERIMENTAL FUNCTIONALITY
All functionality listed here is highly experimental and should be used
with great caution (if at all).
Error handling in mock_add_resultset
We have added experimental erro handling in mock_add_resultset the
best example is the test file t/023_statement_failure.t, but it
looks something like this:
$dbh->{mock_add_resultset} = {
sql => 'SELECT foo FROM bar',
results => DBD::Mock->NULL_RESULTSET,
failure => [ 5, 'Ooops!' ],
};
The 5 is the DBI error number, and 'Ooops!' is the error string
passed to DBI. This basically allows you to force an error
condition to occur when a given SQL statement is execute. We are
currently working on allowing more control on the 'when' and
'where' the error happens, look for it in future releases.
Attribute Aliasing
Basically this feature allows you to alias attributes to other
attributes. So for instance, you can alias a commonly expected
attribute like 'mysql_insertid' to something DBD::Mock already has
like 'mock_last_insert_id'. While you can also just set
'mysql_insertid' yourself, this functionality allows it to take
advantage of things like the autoincrementing of the
'mock_last_insert_id' attribute.
Right now this feature is highly experimental, and has been added
as a first attempt to automatically handle some of the DBD specific
attributes which are commonly used/accessed in DBI programming. The
functionality is off by default so as to not cause any issues with
backwards compatability, but can easily be turned on and off like
this:
# turn it on
$DBD::Mock::AttributeAliasing++;
# turn it off
$DBD::Mock::AttributeAliasing = 0;
Once this is turned on, you will need to choose a database specific
attribute aliasing table like so:
DBI->connect('dbi:Mock:MySQL', '', '');
The 'MySQL' in the DSN will be picked up and the MySQL specific
attribute aliasing will be used.
Right now only MySQL is supported by this feature, and even that
support is very minimal. Currently the MySQL $dbh and $sth
attributes 'mysql_insertid' are aliased to the $dbh attribute
'mock_last_insert_id'. It is possible to add more aliases though,
using the "DBD::Mock:_set_mock_attribute_aliases" function (see the
source code for details).
BUGS
Odd $dbh attribute behavior
When writing the test suite I encountered some odd behavior with
some $dbh attributes. I still need to get deeper into how DBD's
work to understand what it is that is actually doing wrong.
TO DO
Make DBD specific handlers
Each DBD has its own quirks and issues, it would be nice to be able
to handle those issues with DBD::Mock in some way. I have an number
of ideas already, but little time to sit down and really flesh them
out. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to email me
with them.
Enhance the DBD::Mock::StatementTrack object
I would like to have the DBD::Mock::StatementTrack object handle
more of the mock_* attributes. This would encapsulate much of the
mock_* behavior in one place, which would be a good thing.
I would also like to add the ability to bind a subroutine (or
possibly an object) to the result set, so that the results can be
somewhat more dynamic and allow for a more realistic interaction.
CODE COVERAGE
We use Devel::Cover to test the code coverage of my tests, below is the
Devel::Cover report on this module test suite.
---------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
File stmt bran cond sub pod time total
---------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
blib/lib/DBD/Mock.pm 92.0 86.6 77.9 95.3 0.0 100.0 89.5
Total 92.0 86.6 77.9 95.3 0.0 100.0 89.5
---------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
SEE ALSO
DBI
DBD::NullP, which provided a good starting point
Test::MockObject, which provided the approach
Test::MockObject article -
<http://www.perl.com/pub/a/2002/07/10/tmo.html>
Perl Code Kata: Testing Databases -
<http://www.perl.com/pub/a/2005/02/10/database_kata.html>
DISCUSSION GROUP
We have created a DBD::Mock google group for discussion/questions about
this module.
http://groups-beta.google.com/group/DBDMock <http://groups-
beta.google.com/group/DBDMock>
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to Ryan Gerry for his patch in RT #26604
Thanks to Marc Beyer for his patch in RT #16951
Thanks to Justin DeVuyst for the mock_connect_fail idea
Thanks to Thilo Planz for the code for "bind_param_inout"
Thanks to Shlomi Fish for help tracking down RT Bug #11515
Thanks to Collin Winter for the patch to fix the "begin_work()",
"commit()" and "rollback()" methods.
Thanks to Andrew McHarg <amcharg@acm.org> for "fetchall_hashref()",
"fetchrow_hashref()" and "selectcol_arrayref()" methods and tests.
Thanks to Andrew W. Gibbs for the "mock_last_insert_ids" patch and test
Thanks to Chas Owens for patch and test for the "mock_can_prepare",
"mock_can_execute", and "mock_can_fetch" features.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2004 Chris Winters <chris@cwinters.com>
Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Stevan Little <stevan@iinteractive.com>
Copyright (C) 2007 Rob Kinyon <rob.kinyon@gmail.com>
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
AUTHORS
Chris Winters <chris@cwinters.com>
Stevan Little <stevan@iinteractive.com>
Rob Kinyon <rob.kinyon@gmail.com>
perl v5.14.1 2011-06-21 DBD::Mock(3)