encrypt(1) User Commands encrypt(1)NAME
encrypt, decrypt - encrypt or decrypt files
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/encrypt -l
/usr/bin/encrypt -a algorithm [-v]
[-k key_file | -K key_label [-T token_spec]]
[-i input_file] [-o output_file]
/usr/bin/decrypt -l
/usr/bin/decrypt -a algorithm [-v]
[-k key_file | -K key_label [-T token_spec]]
[-i input_file] [-o output_file]
DESCRIPTION
This utility encrypts or decrypts the given file or stdin using the
algorithm specified. If no output file is specified, output is to stan‐
dard out. If input and output are the same file, the encrypted output
is written to a temporary work file in the same filesystem and then
used to replace the original file.
On decryption, if the input and output are the same file, the cleartext
replaces the ciphertext file.
The output file of encrypt and the input file for decrypt contains the
following information:
o Output format version number, 4 bytes in network byte order.
The current version is 1.
o Iterations used in key generation function, 4 bytes in net‐
work byte order.
o IV (ivlen bytes)[1]. iv data is generated by random bytes
equal to one block size.
o Salt data used in key generation (16 bytes).
o Cipher text data.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-a algorithm Specify the name of the algorithm to use during the
encryption or decryption process. See USAGE, Algo‐
rithms for details.
-i input_file Specify the input file. Default is stdin if
input_file is not specified.
-k key_file Specify the file containing the key value for the
encryption algorithm. Each algorithm has specific key
material requirements, as stated in the PKCS#11 spec‐
ification. If -k is not specified, encrypt prompts
for key material using getpassphrase(3C). The size of
the key file determines the key length, and
passphrases set from the terminal are always used to
generate 128 bit long keys for ciphers with a vari‐
able key length.
For information on generating a key file, see the
genkey subcommand in pktool(1). Alternatively, dd(1M)
can be used.
-K key_label Specify the label of a symmetric token key in a
PKCS#11 token.
-l Display the list of algorithms available on the sys‐
tem. This list can change depending on the configura‐
tion of the cryptographic framework. The keysizes are
displayed in bits.
-o output_file Specify output file. Default is stdout if output_file
is not specified. If stdout is used without redirect‐
ing to a file, the terminal window can appear to hang
because the raw encrypted or decrypted data has dis‐
rupted the terminal emulation, much like viewing a
binary file can do at times.
-T token_spec Specify a PKCS#11 token other than the default soft
token object store when the -K is specified.
token_spec has the format of:
token_name [:manuf_id [:serial_no]]
When a token label contains trailing spaces, this
option does not require them to be typed as a conve‐
nience to the user.
Colon separates token identification string. If any
of the parts have a literal colon (:) character, it
must be escaped by a backslash (\). If a colon (:) is
not found, the entire string (up to 32 characters) is
taken as the token label. If only one colon (:) is
found, the string is the token label and the manufac‐
turer.
-v Display verbose information. See Verbose.
USAGE
Algorithms
The supported algorithms are displayed with their minimum and maximum
key sizes in the -l option. These algorithms are provided by the cryp‐
tographic framework. Each supported algorithm is an alias of the PKCS
#11 mechanism that is the most commonly used and least restricted ver‐
sion of a particular algorithm type. For example, des is an alias to
CKM_DES_CBC_PAD and arcfour is an alias to CKM_RC4. Algorithm variants
with no padding or ECB are not supported.
These aliases are used with the -a option and are case-sensitive.
Passphrase
When the -k option is not used during encryption and decryption tasks,
the user is prompted for a passphrase. The passphrase is manipulated
into a more secure key using the PBKDF2 algorithm specified in PKCS #5.
When a passphrase is used with encrypt and decrypt, the user entered
passphrase is turned into an encryption key using the PBKDF2 algorithm
as defined defined in http://www.rsasecurity.com, PKCS #5 v2.0.
Verbose
If an input file is provided to the command, a progress bar spans the
screen. The progress bar denotes every 25% completed with a pipe sign
(|). If the input is from standard input, a period (.) is displayed
each time 40KB is read. Upon completion of both input methods, Done is
printed.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Listing Available Algorithms
The following example lists available algorithms:
example$ encrypt -l
Algorithm Keysize: Min Max
-----------------------------------
aes 128 128
arcfour 8 128
des 64 64
3des 192 192
Example 2 Encrypting Using AES
The following example encrypts using AES and prompts for the encryption
key:
example$ encrypt -a aes -i myfile.txt -o secretstuff
Example 3 Encrypting Using AES with a Key File
The following example encrypts using AES after the key file has been
created:
example$ pktool genkey keystore=file keytype=aes keylen=128 \
outkey=key
example$ encrypt -a aes -k key -i myfile.txt -o secretstuff
Example 4 Using an In Pipe to Provide Encrypted Tape Backup
The following example uses an in pipe to provide encrypted tape backup:
example$ ufsdump 0f - /var | encrypt -a arcfour \
-k /etc/mykeys/backup.k | dd of=/dev/rmt/0
Example 5 Using an In Pipe to Restore Tape Backup
The following example uses and in pipe to restore a tape backup:
example$ decrypt-a arcfour -k /etc/mykeys/backup.k \
-i /dev/rmt/0 | ufsrestore xvf -
Example 6 Encrypting an Input File Using the 3DES Algorithm
The following example encrypts the inputfile file with the 192-bit key
stored in the des3key file:
example$ encrypt -a 3des -k des3key -i inputfile -o outputfile
Example 7 Encrypting an Input File with a DES token key
The following example encrypts the input file file with a DES token key
in the soft token keystore. The DES token key can be generated with
pktool(1):
example$ encrypt -a des -K mydeskey \
-T "Sun Software PKCS#11 softtoken" -i inputfile \
-o outputfile
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
│ ATTRIBUTE TYPE │ ATTRIBUTE VALUE │
├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
│Availability │SUNWcs │
├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
│Interface Stability │Committed │
└─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
SEE ALSOdigest(1), pktool(1), mac(1), dd(1M), getpassphrase(3C), libp‐
kcs11(3LIB), attributes(5), pkcs11_softtoken(5)
System Administration Guide: Security Services
RSA PKCS#11 v2.11: http://www.rsasecurity.com
RSA PKCS#5 v2.0: http://www.rsasecurity.com
SunOS 5.11 17 Dec 2008 encrypt(1)